Geography - Industrial Development Strategies - grade 12

What was the purpose of creating "homelands" pre-1994?

To restrict Black South Africans to designated areas and limit their movement into "white areas."

What incentives did the government offer to industries in "homelands" before 1994?

Tax concessions, transport subsidies, and tariff protection to encourage investment in growth points within the "homelands."

What does RDP stand for, and what was its main goal?

RDP stands for Reconstruction and Development Programme, aiming to improve the standard of living for disadvantaged communities.

What areas did the RDP focus on to improve living standards?

Housing, essential services, healthcare, education, and job creation.

What are Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs)?

Programs designed to develop industries in previously neglected areas.

What are examples of types of SDI developments?

Industrial Development Zones (IDZs), Agro-tourism, industrial corridors, and sectoral mix projects

Name two examples of Industrial Development Zones (IDZs) in South Africa.

Coega (Eastern Cape) and Saldanha (West Coast).

What is the Maputo Development Corridor, and what does it represent?

An SDI corridor linking Maputo to Gauteng, aimed at boosting trade and industrial development.

What are the primary objectives of SDIs?

Attract investment, create jobs, promote public-private partnerships, and maximize the economic potential of all regions.

Which government departments are involved in SDIs?

The Department of Trade and Industry and the Department of Transport.

What does GEAR stand for, and when was it in place?

Growth, Employment, and Redistribution, a policy active between 1996 and 2000.

What were the main achievements of GEAR?

Boosted economic growth, reduced inflation, and encouraged foreign investment.

What were the main criticisms of GEAR?

It had limited impact on unemployment and did little to address wealth distribution.

What does ASGI stand for, and when was it launched?

Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative, launched in 2006.

What were the goals of ASGI?

To reduce unemployment by 50% and achieve an economic growth rate of 6% by 2014.