APHUG 1st Semester Exam

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The physical characteristics of a place

Situation

Location of a place relative to another place

Environmental Determinism

The belief that the physical environment caused social development.

Regionalization

an organization of earth's surface into distinct areas that are viewed different from other ares.

Cultural landscape

The modification of the natural landscape by human activities

Mercator projection

Cylindrical map projection

Malthusian Theory

The belief that the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it

Physiological density

The number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture

Overpopulation

the relationship between the number of people in an area and the availability of resources

Developing country

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of development

Guest worker

A foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country

Immigration

The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intentions of remaining there.

Push factors

a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region

Pull factor

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas

Refugee

someone who has been forced to leave a country because of war or for religious or political reasons

Emigration

the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad.

Desertification

The process by which formerly fertile lands become increasingly arid, unproductive, and desert-like.

asylum seeker

Someone who migrated to a new country to be recognized as a refugee

acculturation

the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous first-hand contact

assimilation

the process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture

custom

a tradition; a way of doing something that many people follow

hearth

the region from which innovative ideas originate

topography

the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.

popular culture

cultural forms that are widespread and commonly embraced within a society

taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

indigineous

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

sustainability

the ability of an ecosystem to stay healthy and productive for very long periods of time

uniform landscape

when places around the world look similar due to the spread of popular culture

colonialism

the expansion and perpetuation of an empire

creole

a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean.

ebonics

a nonstandard form of American English spoken by some Black people in the United States

logograms

symbols that represent words rather than sounds

lingua franca

a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce

multilingual

having many languages; fluent in several languages

isogloss

a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs

imperialism

the extension of a nation's power over other lands

dialect

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

cosmogony

a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

monotheism

belief that there is one God

hierarchical religions

-a religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

(example=Roman Catholic)

syncretic

uniting and blending together different belief systems.

fundamentalism

orthodox religious beliefs

ethnic religions

religions primarily associated with one ethnicity, such as Shinto in Japan or Hinduism in India

universalizing religions

religions that seek followers all over the world

cartography

mapmaking; the writing involved in making maps or charts

geography

the study of the earth's physical and cultural features

globalization

the process of countries becoming more open to foreign trade and investment

hierarchical diffusion

spread of an idea from nodes of authority or power to persons or places with less power

contagious diffusion

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

relocation diffusion

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

possibilism

geographic viewpoint - a response to determinism that holds the human decision making

map scale

the relationship between a distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground

distortion

a change in the shape, size, or position of a place when it is shown on a map

stimulus diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

toponym

the name by which a geographical place is known

distribution

the arrangement of a feature in space

concentration

the spread of something over a given area

culture

the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization

vernacular region

A popular region that is named for the way people perceive it

epidemiology

the branch of medical science dealing with the transmission and control of disease

doubling time

the time required for a population to double in size

cartogram

a type of map used to present statistical information

ecumene

permanently inhabited areas of the earth's surface

census

A complete enumeration of a population.

zero population growth

occurs when the birth rate equals the death rate

demography

the science of population changes

dependency ratio

ratio of the economically dependent part of the population to the productive part

arithmetic density

total number of people divided by total land area

chain migration

migration that is caused by the feedback from people who have already immigrated

counterurbanization

net migration from urban to rural areas

intervening obstacle

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

mobility

the quality or state of being able to move about freely

interregional migration

movement from one region of a country to another

intraregional migration

movement within a region

brain drain

the loss of well-educated people such as doctors or engineers to another country

net migration

the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

remittance

transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated

voluntary migration

implies that the migrant has chosen to move for economic improvement

habit

a repetitive act that a particular individual performs

pidgin language

a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca

language family

group of related languages that have all developed from one earlier language

official language

language in which all government business occurs in a country

standard language

the accepted norms of syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation