Nancy Sanchez baylor MIS exam 1 3305 study flash cards

Data

individual facts

ex. weight and height

information

data assembled and analyzed to add meaning and usefulness

ex. BMI

knowledge

insight gained by further refining, analizing and, ombining with other information

program is

Input --> processing Input --> output

software

contains collection of programs

When is information considered valuable

when its

- timely

- accurate

- complete

Information systems

Set of interrelated components working together to achieve a common goal. Collect process manage analyze and distribute information

ex. mcdonalds kiosks

who is the customer?

whoever you deliver a product or a service too

six major roles of Information system (IS) organization?

- supporting customer interactions

- managing operations

- improving individual productivity

- gaining competitve advantage

- collaborating on teams

- making decisions

suport customer internactions

sales, customer service, account managment

- main role of IS in organization

Manage opertaions

- improving systems and processes used to deliver its goods and services

ex. inventory systems, accounting systems, accounts payable, receiving system

Improve individual productivity

- mobile apps - mail, contacts, to-do lists, calendars

Help gain competitve advantage

- main role of is in organizations

ex. packag tracking, virtual assistants

Customer relationship managment (CRM)

systmes that build customer relationships, enhance loyalty, and manage interactions

- main role of IS in organization

facilitate team collaboration

- main role of IS in organization

- communication tools

- project managment tools

- document collaboration tools

- file sharing platforms

facilitate decison making

- main role of IS in organization

- move descision from gut feel to data driven patterns

- business intelligence

business intelligence

information pulled from various sorces used to make decisions

- looks for trends and patterns

- main role of IS in organization

Components of Information System (IS)

- people

- technology

- processes

- data

People

overlooked yet critical component

- customers

- managers

- information technology (IT) team

Customers

- we build the systems for the customers

- customers can be internal or external

- external custmers generate valuable content, user generated content

User generated content

reviews, photos, videos, audio, interactions with other users

Technology

- hardware

- software

- telecommunications

hardware

- devices that capture, process, and store data/ information

- end-user devices

- servers

- internet of things (IOT)

internet of things (IOT)

- embedded with sensors, software and network connectivity to transmit information; smart devices

- wearables, smart home devices, autos, healthcare monitoring

software

- a collection fo programs that tell a computer what to do

telecommunications

- transmitting information via electionic means from one place to another

-routing traffic, improving speeds, eliminating noise, increasing security, anayzing traffic patterns

Processes

set of activiteis designed to achieve a task

- information systems designed for what?

- Business process managment (BPM)

Information systems designed to

- automate and support processes

- streamline, reengineer

- sometimes eliminate processes

- enforce policies set by managers:

password authetication, quality control, etc.

Business process mangment (BPM)

- A field focuses on the redesign and reengineering of processes

Data

- data is the lifeblood of every IS

- we need to undestand our data

--> data models

- data is collected in different ways

different ways data is collected

- from internal or external sources

- from human input (using devices)

- from other systems (databases/ files)

- from sensors

Information technology (IT) - the organization positions

- cheif informations officer (CIO)

- Cheif Information security officer (CISO)

- Cheif Pricacy OFficer (CPO)

Cheif Informations officer (CIO)

- reports directly to CEO

- responisble for managing anf maintaing information systems, and ensuring they support the organizations strategic goals

Cheif information security officer (CISO)

- implements and oversees an infomation

- protecting data and systems from hackers, disasters, accidents, rogue employees

- Human error

Cheif PRicacy officer (CPO)

- shapes policy about confidential infor; ensures compliance with privacy laws

IT sub units

- enterprise systems and applications

-It infrastructure

- help desk

enterprise systems and applications

develop, install, maintain and oversee mission critical applications

IT infrastructure

- System administration

-->install manage and update servers

- data center operations

- telecommunications and network services

Help desk

- provides services to internal and extrenal customers on technology issues

- resolve problem tickets - issue a ticket, categoirze, prioritize, assign, and track unitl resolution

ex .710-Help; [e-mail]

Project Team job titles

- project manager

- business analysts

- systems analysts

- developers - app, web, application

- database admistratior

- User experience/user interface (ux/ui) designer

- quality assurance (QA) team

project teams also collaborate with

- data architect

- security analysts

- data analysts

Tips on collaboration on information systems (IT communicating with others)

- focus on business goals

- avoid jargon

- communicate the value of IT

- Emphasize return on investment

- be proactive

- embrace customer service

- become a hybrid

Tips on collaborating on information systems (People in fucnctional areas communicating with IT)

- describe your end goal not the means to get there

- learn how to contact it for different purposes

-be familiar with how information systems are already supporing your organization

-build and maintain your network

- do your howework

- be an active partner

Improve your own productivity

- manage your time

- organize yoru files

- organize your email

information system promises

benifits

information systems perils

- inaccurate data

- misuse of personal information

- privact breaches

- financial losses

- reputation losses

crisis managment team

- identifies assesses, and addresses threats frmo unforeseen circumstances that can lead to crisis situations

Enterprise achitecture includes:

- hardware

- software

- telecommunications

physical compnents of information technology

- central processing unit (CPU)

- primary storage

- secondary storage

- inout device

- output devices

CPU

central processing unit

- cpu is the brain of the computer

- executes program instructions

- handles information processing calculations and control tasks for computer

- also know as microprocessor for laptops and desktops

hyper threading

allows more than one thread to run on a single core

types of cores

- preformance - faster, have hyper threading

- efficincy cores - slower, consume less power

CPU generation

new generations more recent usually improved power and preformance

Random access memory (RAM)

- volatile memory

- essentially short term memory

- allows for quick access and fast information processing

Cache

- volitile memory

- high speed memory

- most frequently used instructions saved there

Hard Drive (HD, HHD)

- permanently stores information

- non- volitile memory

- cheaper than ssd

issues with hhd

- fragmentation

- failure becuase of moving parts

fragmentation

information broken up and stored on different sections of hhd

Solid state drive (SSD)

- non-volitle memory

- circuit board with flash memory

---> cheaper, quiter, uses less power, faster and more reliable than hhd

---> more expnesive than hhd

capacity

how much a compnent can hold

- usually stated in bytes

software

- collection of programs that tell computer what to do

program

- collection of statments/ istructions that a computer folows to perform a task

types of software

- system software

- application software

system software

- controls basic operations and ensures that technology tools all work together smoothly

operating system

- macOS, windows, linux

Utility software

- preforms a specilaized task that enhances the computesr opertions or safeguards data

- ex. virus scanning, cleanup routines

Application software

software for end- users

- supports all the work

how is software created

- programing languages

---> source codes

- intergated development environments (IDE)

integrated development environments (IDE)

- a software tool to facilitate programing

- includes a text editor, color codes, syntax checker, debugger, and other useful programming tools

deployment strategies

- custom development

- commercial off-the shelf (COTS)

- Software as a SErvice (SaaS)

- Open Source Software

traditional file processing systems

- data was stored in files

- files were processed sequentially

- each department mantained its own records

issues with this

- redundancy and inconsistency

- lack of intergration

- inconsistent data definitions

- data dependence

relational databases

offere significant advantedges over traditonal file processing systems

- reduced redundancy

- improved information integrity and acccuracy

- improved the ability to adapt to changes

- improved performance and scalability

- increased seurity

data base

a collection of related tables

table

- record

- field

- field value

record

- one horizontal row

field

column name or category name

field value

same as cell in excel, single spot on table or single box

entity relation ship diagram (ERD)

Model the data first, then build the data base

- data modeling techinque

--> helps document our understanding of data requirments

--> design the database

Entity

- a noun

-within our scope

- something that we need to remeber

ex. roles, locations, organizational units, events, tangable things

instance

- an occurance of our entity

- dont appear in diagram but play a role in ERD

Attributes

characteristics about an entity

- atomic/simple

-composite

- derived

atomic/simple attribute

What we want or the goal to have

- contains single value that is independent

ex. job title, salary

composite

attribute that is a combination of other attributes

ex. name (first and last) address (street, city, state)

Derived

- value is derived from or calculated from other values in the same enitity

ex. age (birthdate)

Primary key

an attribute that uniquely identifies an instance

- every entity mus have a primary key

- can be number or string as long as its unique

3 rules for a good primary key

unique - no duplicates

required - cannot be null

static - does not change

relationship

association between entities

- a department employs many employees

- an employee is employed by one departmnet

cardinality

shows the number of instances that participate in a relationship

maximum: one, many

Minimum: zero - optional

one - mandatory

rule of atomic values

at every row and column combination you can only have one value

foreign key's purpose

to establish a relationship between instances and entities

how data is accessed from data base

alwats accessed through SQL

DBMS

data base managment system, software used to create databases

ex. microsoft access

relatinonal data bases

stire data in rows and columns, tabular format

database adminstrator (DBA)

- designing the database based on the ERD provided

- preformance tuning an scalability

- ensure the integrity of the data

- ensuring data is secured

- putting into place backup and recovery procedures

referntial intergity

rule enforced by database to ensure

- every foreign key as primary value

- cannot update/ delete a record with a pk value if an associated k value exists

operational data

all the data that is collected to run the business

data warehouse

a central data repositroy

data mart

- smaller data repositoy

- developed for departmntal analytical tasks

ETL

- extraction

- transformation

- load