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Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element.
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in positive and negative ions.
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
pH
A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, where 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.
Oxidation
A chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons, typically associated with the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen.
Reduction
A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons, typically associated with the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
Equilibrium
A state in a chemical reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.
Chemical Reaction
A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances into another.
Periodic Table
A tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number, showing periodic trends in their properties.
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