Athletic Performance and Training

Flashcards covering key concepts related to athletic performance, training, and nutritional strategies.

Ecto-mesomorphic build

A body type characterized by a high muscle-to-bone ratio and lean frame, often seen in sprinters to minimize air resistance.

High Fast-Twitch Fiber Composition

The presence of predominantly Type IIb muscle fibers, which are important for explosive power in activities like sprinting.

Lower Limb Length

Relatively long legs in proportion to torso height, allowing for a greater stride length in running.

Explosion Power

The ability to exert a high rate of force development during the initial phase of a sprint, particularly the first 30 meters.

Maximum Velocity

The top speed that an athlete can reach and maintain during a race, which for elite sprinters can be up to 44 km/h.

Cardiovascular Efficiency

The capacity of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the muscles during extended periods of high-intensity activity.

Anaerobic Power

The ability to rely predominantly on the ATP-PC system to generate energy for short bursts of activity, such as in sprinting.

Peaking

The process of optimizing an athlete's physical condition to perform at their best for a specific event.

Tapering

The reduction of training volume before a major competition to maintain high intensity while allowing for recovery.

Relaxation Techniques

Methods such as progressive muscle relaxation and breathing exercises aimed at reducing anxiety and lowering heart rate before performance.

Goal Setting

The practice of defining specific targets to motivate athletes and provide direction for training and competition.

Simulation Training

Training under conditions that mimic the competitive environment to prepare athletes for real-world performance challenges.

Narrow Internal Focus

A concentration technique that involves focusing solely on personal performance cues while blocking out distractions.

Sports Nutrition

The science of optimizing dietary intake to support athletic performance, including pre-performance, during, and post-performance guidelines.

Low-GI carbohydrate meal

A meal consisting of carbohydrates with a low glycemic index, aimed at providing sustained energy without rapid spikes in blood sugar.

High-GI snack

A quick source of energy from carbohydrates with a high glycemic index, useful immediately before performance.