CH 13 ANS - BIO 3322 Mark taylor

Autonomic nervous system

subdivision of the efferent and peripheral system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)

Autonomic neurons ___ (do/do not) stimulate skeletal muscles.

do not

Autonomic nervous system includes the ___ and ___ divisions

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Motor impulses from the ANS travel through ___ in the PNS on their way to these effectors

ganglia

ganglion

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

In all cases except one, the ANS impulse passes through ___ motor neurons before reaching the effector

two

Preganglionic neuron

Motor neuron that conducts the impulse out of the CNS

the first neuron in a series that transmits impulses from the CNS

Preganglionic neuron

Preganglionic neurons have Class ___ axons

B

Preganglionic neuron synapses with ____ neuron inside the ____ of the PNS

Postganglionic, chain ganglia (ganglion)

Postganglionic neuron has a Class ___ axon

C

The postganglionic neuron conducts the impulse along a class C axon to the ___

effector

dual innervation

organs that receive instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Dually innervated effectors receive impulses from both the ___ and ___ divisions

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

True or false - Smooth muscle within the urinary bladder is dually innervated.

True

True or false - The heart is not dually innervated.

False

True or False - Skeletal myofibers are dually innervated.

False

The craniosacral division is also called ___ (and/or) ___

rest and digest

The Thoracolumbar division is also called the ___ (and/or) ___

fight or flight

Paravertebral ganglia

mass of nerve cell bodies close to the spinal cord

prevertebral ganglia

Ganglia located anterior (before) to the vertebral column.

Preganglionic fibers of sympathetic branch

Cell bodies located in thoracic and lumbar segments of spinal cord

Postganglionic fibers of the ___ branch innervate more organs than the ______ branch

Sympathetic, parasympathetic

Axons of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system are ___(short/long), while the postganglionic fibers are ___ (short/long).

short, long

All preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ____ from their axon terminals

acetylcholine

Most postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division release the neurotransmitter ___

norepinephrine

___ fibers in the sympathetic nervous system can take multiple pathways

postganglionic

The one exception to the "two motor neuron" rule is the stimulation of the ____

adrenal gland

The adrenal gland receives stimulation from only a ____ neuron in the sympathetic division.

preganglionic

True or false - Neurons that release Ach onto adrenal medulla cells are postganglionic neurons.

false

Ach released from preganglionic neuron attaches onto ___ receptor on effector in the sympathetic system

Nicotinic

The attachment of Ach onto the nicotinic receptor in the adrenal medulla causes an effect that ___

Releases epinephrine and NE

3 multiple choice options

All preganglionic neurons release ___ from their axon terminals.

Ach

Ach is ___ to the heart but is ___ to skeletal muscles.

inhibitory, excitatory

In the sympathetic nervous system, the Blood vessels, in skeletal system, preganglionic neuron is ___, which attaches to a ___ receptor, then the postganglionic neuron, ___, attaches to a ___ receptor, causing the effect of ___

Ach, Nicotinic, Ach, Muscarinic, Vasodilation

3 multiple choice options

Binding of Ach to cholinergic receptors on skeletal muscle motor end plates causes ___ (depolarization/hyperpolarization).

depolarization

Some blood vessels within skeletal muscles are stimulated by ___ released from sympathetic, ___ neurons.

Ach, postganglionic

Do autonomic neurons stimulate skeletal muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction?

No

Do Autonomic neurons innervate blood vessels within skeletal muscle to regulate blood flow?

yes

In the sympathetic nervous system, the sweat glands preganglionic neuron is ___, which attaches to a ___ receptor, then the postganglionic neuron, ___, attaches to a ___ receptor, causing the effect of ___

Ach, nicotinic, Ach, Muscarinic, sweat secretion

3 multiple choice options

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons ___ (do/do not) release NE onto sweat glands.

do not

A sweat gland utilizes its ___ receptors to respond to sympathetic stimulation.

Muscarinic

Ach from sympathetic neurons binds to ___ receptors on Sweat glands.

Muscarinic

The sympathetic NS uses ___ to stimulate sweat glands.

Ach

Sweating is a ___ activity.

Sympathetic

3 multiple choice options

The ___ division uses Ach to stimulate sweat glands for sweating.

fight-or-flight

3 multiple choice options

True or false - Sweat glands are not dually innervated.

True

True or false - Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release Ach onto sweat glands.

true

Sweat glands become ___ when a neurotransmitter binds to their muscarinic receptors.

more active

3 multiple choice options

Sweat glands ___ (are/are not) stimulated by Ach released from somatic motor neurons.

are not

Sweat glands ___ (are/are not) stimulated by Ach released from sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

are

Ach ___ (promotes/inhibits) sweating.

promotes

Cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons reside in ___

gray matter

In which division does the Preganglionic fibers exit the dorsal cavity and travel through ganglia close to the target organ (effector)

Parasympathetic division

The axons of the preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division are ___, while the postganglionic axons are ___.

long, short

All neurons (preganglionic and postganglionic) in the ___ division release acetylcholine from their axon terminals.

Parasympathetic

All neurons (preganglionic and postganglionic) in the parasympathetic division release ___ from their axon terminals.

acetylcholine

Cholinergic receptors

receptors that bind Ach

Cholinergic receptors include ___ and ___ receptors

nicotinic, muscarinic

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

On all ANS postganglionic neurons, in the adrenal medulla

What is the effect of ACh binding to nicotinic receptors?

Excitatory

Muscarinic receptors are displayed on all muscles and glands stimulated by the ___

parasympathetic division

Which effectors in the sympathetic division have muscarinic receptors that bind ACh released from postganglionic neurons?

Sweat glands and some blood vessels in skeletal muscle of the sympathetic system

Ach can bind to all ___ receptors.

cholinergic

True or false - Ach always excitatory at effectors

False

True or false - Ach is either excitatory or inhibitory at a particular effector

true

True or false - All reflexes involving Ach are somatic reflexes.

False

All neurons conducting impulses out of the CNS released ___ from their axon terminals.

Ach

True or false - Ach released onto a motor end plate of a skeletal myofiber is not released from a postganglionic neuron.

true

In the somatic nervous system, the Axon fiber is classified as Class ___

A

Ach released from the preganglionic neuron that targets the skeletal myofiber is part of the ___ system

somatic

In the somatic nervous system, Ach released from the preganglionic neuron attaches to a ___ receptor

Nicotinic or cholinergic

In the somatic nervous system, the Ach that attaches to the nicotinic receptor ____ (depolarizes/hyperpolarizes) causing an excitatory contraction

depolarizes

True or false - A skeletal myofiber's motor end plate is not innervated by an ANS neuron.

True

Ach causes an ___ (EPSP/IPSP) on the motor end plate of skeletal myofibers.

EPSP

End-plate potentials on skeletal myofibers are initiated by ___.

acetylcholine

Motor end plates on skeletal myofibers have ___ (cholinergic) receptors.

nicotinic

True or false - All Ach released from preganglionic neurons attach to a Nicotinic receptor

True

Impulses conducted along nerves that exit the spinal column in the sacral region would cause the release of ___.

Ach

Alpha and Beta receptors are ___ receptors

adrenergic

The alpha-1 receptors ___ (do/do not) have binding sites for Ach.

do not

adrenergic receptors bind what?

norepinephrine and epinephrine

___ mainly binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Norepinephrine

Alpha-1 receptors ___ (inhibit/excite)

Excite

Alpha-2 receptors ___ (inhibit/excite)

Inhibit

Beta-1 receptors ___ (inhibit/excite)

Excite

Beta-2 receptors ___ (inhibit/excite)

Inhibit

Beta-3 receptors ___ (inhibit/excite)

Excite

Where are Beta-3 receptors primarily located?

In adipose cells and smooth muscle cells in the walls of the digestive tract.

What is the function of Beta-3 receptors?

They break down and store lipids.

___ binds to alpha receptors

Norepinephrine

___ binds to beta receptors

Epinephrine

Motor units in the somatic division ___ (do/do not) utilize adrenergic receptors.

do not

NE from sympathetic, postganglionic neurons binds to ___ receptors.

adrenergic

Normally in the sympathetic nervous system, non-specialized target organs will have the preganglionic neurotransmitter ___ that binds to a ___ receptor, and Postganglionic neurotransmitter ___ that binds to a ___ receptor

Ach, nicotinic, NE, adrenergic

3 multiple choice options