Motivation and Emotion Test AP Psych

motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

instinct

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

drive-reduction theory

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

homeostasis

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

incentive

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

hierarchy of needs

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

glucose

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger

set point

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

basal metabolic rate

Rate at which energy is expended by the body per unit of time under controlled conditions

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

emotion

A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.

james lange theory

the theory that our experience of emotion comes after awareness of the feeling

cannon bard theory

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

two-factor theory

Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

polygraph

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

catharsis

emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

feel good, do good phenomenon

people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

subjective well-being

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life.

adaption level phenomenon

our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

relative deprivation

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.

optimum arousal theory

Theory stating that we are motivated by our innate desire to maintain a personally preferred level of arousal.

yerkes dodson law

the psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal

ancel keys

(1950) Fed 36 men just enough food to maintain their weight, and then cut that amount in half. He then observed (after they lost 25% of their body weight) how the men began to obsess about food. All other needs were put on the back burner, they just wanted food. Proves maslows heirarchy of needs

cannon and washburn

Theorized that stomach contractions cause hunger. Later disproved because they are only correlated (does not prove causation).

insulin

controls glucose, by pancreas, triggers hunger

leptin

A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating appetite.

orexin

hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

ghrelin

A hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach

pyy

digestive tract hormone; sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain

hunger

activity in the lateral area of the hypothalamus produces

ventromedial hypothalamus

The part of the hypothalamus that produces feelings of fullness as opposed to hunger, and causes one to stop eating.

general adaptation syndrome

hans selye says that the body has an adaptive response to stress in 3 stages: (fight or flight) ALARM, RESISTANCE, FATIGUE

alarm, resistance, fatigue

flight or flight stages.

parasympatheric nervous system

rest and digest

sympatheic nervous system

Responsible for the body's response to stress or any perceived emergency situations.