20.1 Experimental gas laws

pressure

force per unit area

Boyle’s Law

pV= constant

Explain Boyle’s Law

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

As volume increases, pressure decreases, and vice versa.

Charles’ Law

V/ T= constant

Explain Charles’ Law

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. As temperature increases, volume also increases, and vice versa.

What is the volume of a gas at 0 K?

0

isobaric change

A change at constant pressure is called an __________ change

When work is done to change the volume of a gas, energy must be transferred by __________ to keep the pressure ________________.

heating

constant

Equation for work done by a piston

p∆V

Pressure Law

p/T= constant

Explain the pressure law

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when the volume remains constant.

What causes breathing difficulties for underwater swimmers at significant depths?

The extra pressure from the water above them compresses gases in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties.

What is 'the bends' and why is it dangerous for divers?

'The bends' is a life-threatening condition caused by the rapid release of dissolved nitrogen from the blood if a diver ascends too quickly.