HRM 360 CH 5

Know that when leaders say “employee engagement,” they are talking about ______

employee motivation

Operant conditioning

What is it?

Positive and negative:

Reinforcement/punishment:

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Reinforcement

Extinction?

Conditioning human beings to like or not like things.
Positive and negative: Adding things or taking away

Reinforcement/punishment: behavior increases and behavior decreases

Behavior goes extinct, punishment or reward is no longer in place

What are the Social cognitive theory’s implications

Constantly observing actions from others and looking at rewards and consequences to learn ourselves

  Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation comes from within you 

extrinsic when motivation comes from external things

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (what is at the top and bottom of the pyramid, what was this theory trying to claim that did not hold up to empirical tests? What did Maslow’s hierarchy give us that we didn’t have before?)

Self actualization (being your best self) top

physiological (hunger, water) bottom

The hierarchy doesn’t go from top and bottom it can be from everywehre

Maslow offers a holistic view of human needs (interconnected ways to see human needs)

What are the four drives? What should managers know about the four drive theory and how to help employees stay motivated? 

Drive to acquire: seek, acquire, control, retain objects or experiences.

Drive to comprehend: satisfy our curiosity, know and understand ourselves and the environment

Drive to bond: form social relationships and develop mutual caring commitments with others.

Drive to defend: protect ourselves physically and socially.

Make sure all drives are met to motivate the employees.

  Acquired Needs Theory-

a.      How is it related to operant conditioning?

b.     What is each of the following, and be able to recognize it in a person:

       i.      Need for achievement

           ii.      Need for power

               iii.      Need for affiliation

c.      How are acquired needs different from the four drives?

d.     What should managers know about acquired needs and how to help students stay motivated?

People are condition that they want something so much it turns into a need. Recognition.

Need for control

Drive to bond

how they are “shaped” or not

Continue to help with opportunities with students  

Expectancy theory

a.      What is it?

b.     What is E-P

c.      What is P-O

d.     What is valence?

e.      What does all of the above have to do with how management should motivate employees?

Motivated on what they expect.

E-P (effort to performance): my effort tied to performance

P-O (Performance to valued outcome): Is it going to get me somewhere I want

Valence: Positive and negative outcomes

They need to know if the emeployee will be able to get to that goal and that the outcome is worth it.

Equity theory

a.      What is it? What are people comparing?

b.     What are the implications for how equity theory says people are motivated?

c.      Is it actual inequity or perceived inequity that influences whether or not people feel an injustice has occurred?

Comparing input and outcomes to other input and outcomes (monkey in cage).

Correct the justice, reduce input or show up late, complain

Perceive if something is not fair is when injustice can occur.