legislature test

Apportionment

Assigning House seats based on census; redrawing districts.

Baker v. Carr

Court case allowing courts to hear redistricting cases based on 'one person, one vote'.

Congressional Leadership

Includes positions such as Speaker of the House and Majority Leader of the Senate.

Filibuster

Senate tactic used to delay a vote.

Gerrymandering

Drawing districts in a way that favors a specific political party.

How a bill becomes a law

The process includes introduction, committee consideration, voting, and presidential approval.

Incumbency advantage

The advantage that sitting members of Congress have for reelection.

Logrolling

Trading votes on bills among legislators.

Pork barrel legislation

Spending that benefits a particular member’s congressional district.

Powers of the Senate and House

Senate has powers related to treaties and appointments; the House has the authority over revenue bills.

Qualifications for House and Senate

House: 25 years old, 7-year citizen; Senate: 30 years old, 9-year citizen.

Shaw v. Reno

Court case declaring race-based gerrymandering unconstitutional.

Types of Congressional Committees

Types include Standing (permanent), Select (temporary), and Conference (resolves bill differences).

Veto process

The President can reject a bill, but Congress can override with a two-thirds vote.

Trustee voting model

Voting based on the legislator's own judgment.

Delegate voting model

Voting based on the views of constituents.

Partisan voting model

Voting in accordance with one's political party.

Politico voting model

A mix of trustee, delegate, and partisan voting.