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Age of Enlightenment

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28 Terms

1

Age of Enlightenment

A period in the 17th and 18th centuries characterized by the emergence of new ideas about government, society, and human rights.

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2

Enlightenment Thinkers

Influential philosophers who contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas, including John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau.

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3

John Locke

An Enlightenment thinker known for his theories on natural rights and the social contract.

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4

Natural Rights

The concept that individuals are born with fundamental rights, such as life, liberty, and property.

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5

Social Contract

The theory that individuals consent to form a government to protect their natural rights.

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6

Voltaire

A prominent Enlightenment figure who advocated for freedom of speech and critiqued organized religion.

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7

Freedom of Speech

The right to express one's opinions without censorship or restraint.

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8

Montesquieu

An Enlightenment philosopher known for his ideas on the separation of powers in government.

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9

Separation of Powers

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.

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10

Rousseau

An Enlightenment thinker who introduced the concept of the general will and emphasized the importance of education in society.

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11

General Will

The collective will of the people that aims for the common good.

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12

Scientific Revolution

A period of significant advancements in scientific thought and discovery that laid the groundwork for modern science.

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13

Heliocentrism

The astronomical model that places the Sun at the center of the universe, proposed by Copernicus.

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14

Laws of Motion

Fundamental principles of physics formulated by Isaac Newton that describe the relationship between motion and forces.

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15

Empiricism

The philosophical belief that knowledge is derived from sensory experience and evidence.

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16

Political Revolutions

Major uprisings that were influenced by Enlightenment ideas, including the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions.

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17

American Revolution

A conflict that resulted from taxation and Enlightenment ideas, leading to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

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18

French Revolution

A revolution driven by social inequality and economic crisis, marked by events like the Storming of the Bastille and the Reign of Terror.

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19

Haitian Revolution

A successful slave revolt against colonial oppression, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

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20

Mercantilism

An economic theory that dominated prior to capitalism, focusing on trade and accumulation of wealth through colonies.

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21

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership and the free market.

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22

Industrial Revolution

A period of technological innovation that transformed economies and societies, leading to urbanization and changes in labor.

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23

Neoclassicism

An artistic movement that drew inspiration from classical antiquity, emphasizing order and harmony.

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24

Romanticism

An artistic and literary movement that emphasized emotion, nature, and individualism.

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25

Decline of Religious Authority

The diminishing power of religious institutions in society during the Enlightenment.

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26

Rise of Secularism

The increasing separation of religion from public life and governance.

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27

Legacy of the Enlightenment

The lasting impact of Enlightenment ideas on modern democracies, human rights, and constitutional governments.

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28

Ongoing Debates on Freedom and Equality

Contemporary discussions influenced by Enlightenment principles regarding individual rights and social justice.

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