Quick & Easy Medical Terminology Ch. 10

urination

the act of voiding

erythr/o

red (c.f.)

-poietin

a substance that causes production (suffix)

urea

the final product of protein metabolism and the major nitrogenous waste product in urine

-ation

process (suffix)

urology

branch of medicine concerned with the male genital tract and the urinary tract of both genders

urologist

specialist concerned with the male genital tract and the urinary tract of both genders

ur/o

urine or urinary tract (cf)

-logy

science of (suffix)

-esis

action, process, or result of (suffix)

albumin/o

albumin (cf)

glycos/o

sugar (c.f.)

olig/o

few, scanty (c.f.)

-uria

urine or urination (suffix)

urinary

pertaining to urine or urine formation

ureters

urine leaves the kidneys by way of the _________

cyst/o

urinary bladder (or a cyst or a sac) (c.f.)

renal

pertaining to the kidney

ureteral

pertaining to the ureter

urethral

pertaining to the urethra

cystic

pertaining to the urinary bladder, the gallbladder, or a cyst

glomerul/o

glomerulus (kidney filter) (c.f.)

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney (c.f. x2)

pyel/o

renal pelvis (urine-collecting reservoir in the kidney) (c.f.)

ureter/o

ureter (cf)

urethr/o

urethra (cf)

fibr/o

fiber (cf)

-ous

characterized by (suffix)

urinary bladder

where urine is stored until urination

renal pelvis

funnel shaped structure located in the center of each kidney

ureter

tube through which urine passes from the kidney

urethra

tubular passage by which urine is discharged from the bladder

proxim/o

near (cf)

dist/o

far (cf)

nephrons

the functional unit of the kidneys

tubule

tubular section of a nephron

glomerulus

blood vessel cluster in a nephron surrounded by the "Bowman capsule"

glomerular filtration

initial process in formation of urine; filtering of blood in the kidneys

glomerulus

the _________ allows water, salts, wastes and most other substances except blood cells and proteins to pass through it's thin walls

tubular reabsorption

selective reabsorption of some substances in the kidneys; occurs after glomerular filtration

tubular secretion

secretion of substances into the urine; occurs after tubular reabsorption

antidiuretic hormone

increases the re-absorption of water by the renal tubules, thus decreasing the amount of urine produced.

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

three processes in urine formation

urinalysis

test used to evaluate the status of the urinary system

sugar; protein; blood

substances which should not be found in the urine (x3)

glycosuria

sugar in urine

proteinuria

protein in the urine

albuminuria

high concentration of albumin in the urine

hematuria

blood in urine

pyuria

pus in urine

ketonuria

ketones in urine; can occur due to uncontrolled DM

diabetes mellitus (DM)

endocrine d/o characterized by glycosuria and hyperglycemia; results from inadequate production or use of insulin.

clean-catch

technique based on concept that the tissues adjacent to the urethral opening must be cleansed before collection to avoid contamination of the urine specimen, and only the middle portion of the urine stream is collected.

voided

a _____ specimen is one in which the patient voids (urinates) into a container supplied by the lab or doctor's office.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

a measure of the amount of urea in the blood; directly related to the metabolic function of the liver and the excretory function of the kidneys.

creatinine

measured in the blood and urine as an indicator of kidney function

tom/o

to cut (c.f.)

angi/o

vessel (c.f.)

renal angiography/arteriography

radiographic study to assess the arterial blood supply to the kidneys

renal arteriogram

record produced from a renal angiography

stenosis

constriction or narrowing of a renal artery

nephrotomography

sectional radiographic exam of the kidneys, generally using contrast dyes

nephrotomogram

images provided by nephrotomography

nephromegaly

enlargement of one or both kidneys

nephromalacia

softening of the kidney

bilateral nephromegaly

enlargement of both kidneys

nephrosonography

ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys

urolithiasis

presence of urinary stones found in the renal pelvis or the urinary bladder

cystolithiasis

presence of stones in the urinary bladder

nephrolithiasis

a condition marked by the presence of kidney stones

renal calculi

nephrolith is a word, but kidney stones are usually called ________

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

nephritis

a.k.a. Bright disease; inflammation of the kidney

glomerulonephritis

glomeruli of kidney are inflammed

intravenous urography

radiographic technique for examining the urinary system

pyelography

intravenous urography was previously called _____

urogram

image produced in a urography

cystoscopy

examination of the urinary bladder

urethroscopy

visual examination of the urethra

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

polyuria; diuresis

excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine (x2)

anuria

absence of urination (less than 100mL/day)

oliguria

diminished capacity to produce urine; excreting less than 500 mL/day

uremia

presence of nitrogen-containing wastes in the blood; a toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency or renal failure

nephroptosis

a prolapsed kidney

-ptosis

sagging or prolapse (suffix)

cystocele

urinary bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina

nephrosis

degenerative changes in the kidneys w/o inflammation

nephrotoxic

destructive to kidney tissue

polycystic kidney disease

hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid-filled cysts throughout both kidneys

polyp

tumor found on a mucosal surface, such as the inner lining of the bladder

renal cell carcinoma

kidney cancer; malignant neoplasm (new, abnormal growth) of the kidney

renal failure

failure of the kidney to perform its essential functions

renal insufficiency

reduced ability of the kidney to perfrom its functions

retrograde urography

x-ray exam of the renal pelvis after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis; alternative to intravenous urography (IVU)

urinary incontinence

inability to hold urine in the bladder

urinary retention

inability to empty the bladder

urinary tract infection

an infection of the urinary tract

urethral catheterization

a urinary catheter is inserted into a patient's bladder via the urethra.