HS1 Muscular System

Skeletal Muscles

muscles attached to bone that cause body movements, striated, voluntary

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body, small, spindle shaped, no striations

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart, striated and branched

Sphincter muscle

circular muscle that controls the passage of substances

Tendons

Non-elastic tissue that connects muscle to bone

Fascia

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

Frontalis

forehead; raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Masseter

closes jaw

Orbicularis oculi

Closes eyelids; sadness

Orbicularis oris

closes lips, doubt, disdain, contempt

Temporalis

raises and closes mandible, draws jaw backwards

zygomaticus major

raises corner of mouth, smiling

Sternocleidomastoid

flexes neck; rotates head

External intercostals

elevates ribs to aid breathing

diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the thoracic cavity that helps with breathing

Rectus abdominus

compresses abdomen

External oliques

Depresses ribs, flexes spinal column, compresses abdominal cavity

Internal Obliques

same as external obliques

Latissimus dorsi

Large muscles of the back, V shape

Trapezius

Moves shoulder, extends head

Deltoid

abducts upper arm, site for intramuscular injections

Pectoralis major

Chest, helps flex and abduct uppper arm

Biceps brachii

flexes forearm

Triceps brachii

extends forearm

Brachioradialis

helps flexes forearm at elbow

Gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates thigh

Gluteus maximus

Extends femur and rotates it outward

Vastus lateralis

extends leg at knee

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle

Soleus

plantar flexes foot

Sartorius

Flexes and rotates thigh and leg

Rectus Femoris

flexes thigh, extends lower leg

Tibialis anterior

dorsiflexes foot, allows us to walk on heels

Contractibility

ability to shorten

Excitability

ability to respond to stimuli

Extensibility

ability to be stretched

Elasticity

ability to return to normal length when relaxing

muscle tone

state of partial contraction

atrophy

when the muscle wastes away bc of disuse

hypertrophy

increase in muscle size, cells grown in size

origin

attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction

insertion

attachment to movable bone

Digestive system

body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Heart

large muscle that pumps blood

posture

the way one holds one's body; a pose or position

Body heat

the muscular system regulates and maintains body heat

Fibromyalgia

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles

Hernia

when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle

muscle spasms/cramps

cramps, sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

strain

A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon

Tendonitis

inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse

tetanus

a sustained muscular contraction resulting from the bacteria Braculli usually from a puncture wound