lecture for hunger thirst homeostasis

negative feedback systems

systems are the main homeostatic mechanisms if a desired SET POINT is deviated from, compensatory action begins

Motivation “To set in motion”

factors that intitate sustain or direct behavior

Homeostatic systems

drive physiological motivation

What are the two separate thermoregulatory systems that exist in the mammalian hypothalamus

Preoptic Area

lateral Hypothalamus (double check this

Preoptic Area

Lateral hypothalamus

hypovolemic thirst

Stimulated by low extracellular/intravascualr Volume (Loss of liquids concentration is not changed)

Osmosic thirst

stimulated by high extra cellular solute concentration

Vasopressin

From the posterior pituitary which iduses blood vessel constrition and so reduces blodd flow to the bladder

Renin

From the kidneys

if blood volume decreases?( water goes down )

Kidneys realse renin which triggers formation of Angiotensin II

Circulating angiotesnin II acts in The?

Subfornical organ to singal other brain sites (POA) to intiatie drinking

get defintions for everything

dont forget

Osmosensory neurons

In anterior hypothalmus (OVLT) ( write what it does)

Gluscose

is the principle fuel for energy

Glycogen

is glucose stored for short terms in the liver

glycogensis

converting glucose to glycogen using pancrease hromone insulin

Lipids

for long term storage are fate tissues

Leptin

Is realsed from the atipus tisues (Fat tissue

Leptin deos what?

It tells you that you have enough atipus stored up ( it tells you that you have eaten enough)

Fat cells produce

Leptin (and secrete it into the bloodstream

Overnutrition does what to the hypothalamus

Inflames (Aka obesity)

Leptin

lets us know when there is enough fat stored in our cells (aka lets us know when were full)

Ghrelin

Realsed by stomach endocrine cells- AOoetite stimulant rises during fasting drops after eating.

Latereal hypothalmus and the ventromedial hypothalmus can ? do the def about how they influces how much you want to eat

Cortisal

Leads to a increase in food intake

Which things would promote food intake

Ghrelin, NPY, Cortisol

High calorie diet can cause?

Hypothalamic scarring and microglial activation

Basal metabolic rate (BMR

energy required to fuel the brain/body and maintain temperature

75% of energy expenditure in average sedentary student

Heredity accounts for 40% of a person’s BMR. But, spontaneous activity can increase it

Gastric bypass surgery

Reduces ghrelin and increases PYY and GLP-1, reducing hunger

anorexia Nervosa

Has the highest mortality rate ( refusal to maintain body weight Fear of weight gain)

Bulimia

recurrent binge eating

recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior (Needs to happen 2x/ week for 3 months)

Teenage girls with anorexia have

Larger insula (Brain area active when you experience disgust

Larger orbitofrontal cortex (Brain area that tells you “You shouldn’t do that”