03E. Indian Environment Laws - CBD

Indian State of Forest Report

1. Who releases it

2. Frequency

3. Last time

4. Why is it needed

5. Definitions in ISFR,2023

- Recorded forest area

- Forest cover

- Tree cover

- Trees outside forest

6. FAO definition of Forest cover

1. Forest Survey of India

2. 2 years

3. 2023

4. To check progress of our long term goal of 33% of forest cover

5. - the areas which are recorded as forest in gvt areas

- Dictionary meaning of forests (1Hectare area + canpody density > 10%) (it includes plantations too, agroforestry)

- all patches of trees less than 1 ha outside (subset of Trees outside forest)

- all tree patches outside recorded forest area irrespective of patch size

6. FAO does not include agriculture and plantation land as forest cover

Indian State of Forest Report

7. Forest cover

- Very dense forest

- Moderately dense forest

- Open forest

8. India's forest cover

9. Highest increase in absolute area

7. - > 70%

- 40 - 70%

- 19-40%

8. just 25%

9. Mizoram > gujarat > odisha

Let see some Imp forest related information

New york declaration

- binding ?

- When and who?

- Did India sign

- to halve the rate deforestation by 2020

- No

- UN's secretary-general's climate summit in new york 2014

- No

Tree city of the world tag

- what is it

- who gives

- Indian additions

- recognition of urban forest

- FAO and Arbor Day foundation

- Mumbai and Hyd in 2021

Nagar Van scheme

- what is it

- Nodal ministry

- funds come from

- to develop urban forest

- MoEFCC

- CAMPA

Miyawaki Method

- what is it

- technique of urban afforestation by creating micro forests over small plots of land

Green India Mission

- what is it

- launched when

- revised documents recently said what

- Funding

- One mission under National Action Plan on climate change

- 2014

- Expand forest and tree cover, additional carbon sink by 2.5-3.0 billion tonnes

- Mission allocation + CAMPA

Note- who generally does all surveys?

NSO (NSSO+CSO), MoSPI

Environmental Accounting of Forest

- who did it

- what did it focus on

- MoSPI

- Forest accounting - it calculated how much value does ecosystem services give

Global Forest resources Assesment, 2025

- Who released

- FAO

UN Forum on Forest

- Who organised it

- ECOSOC

Biological Diversity Act, 2002

1. Context

2. Bodies

3. Prior informed consent then what

4. Patent

1. In 1991, United National conference on Biodiversity happened and later Nagoya protocol came and one key issue is in biological diversity is what to do about knowledge about biological resources. nagoya protocol said that the genetic resources belong to sovereign nation and the traditional communities which have kept them alive from ancient. But we also need some organisations to research and get benefits so under nagoya protocol we came up with Access and Benefit sharing. Before getting access the org should agree to mutually agreed terms and decide what to do with benefits. So based on this nagoya protocol India designed BD Act, 2002

2. 3 tier structure

- National Biodiversity authority (NBA)

- State biodiversity boards (SBB)

- Biodiversity Management committees (BMC)

3. need to take NBA approval and design Mutually agreed terms (for Foreign companies)

- need to intimate State biodiversity board if some indians need to use those resources

4. has to take permission from NBA and also should share IPR with local communities

Functions of 3 bodies under BD Act

1. NBA

2.SBBs

3. BMC

1. has powers of civil court

2.

3. It maintains People's Biodiversity register contain imp flora, fauna, traditional knowledge

Changes in BD Act in 2023

1. Ayush doctor

2. Foreigners in new act

3. prior approval

4. decrimininalised

5. Benefit sharing

6. Mutually agreed terms members

1. No need to take approval from SBB and no need to share benefit sharing

2. Indian companies with foreign share holding until 49% will go to SBBs

3. approval from NBA is now needed before garnting IPR instead of before application

4. decriminalised, only penalty

5. Only Commercial benefits must be shared

6. now between applicant and BMC represented by NBA

are genetic data also included in BD Act

yes

Biodiversity heritage sites

1. what

2. who notifies

3. no of BHS in India

4. first

5. latest

1. high endemism, high biodivresity and fragile ecosystem

2. State gvt

3. 36

4. Nallur Tamarind Grive, Kn

5. Arrittapatti and Meenakshipuram villages in Madurai , TN