SS I - The 14 Points + Paris Peace Conference

When did Woodrow Wilson arrive in Paris for peace negotiations?

December 16, 1918

How did Wilson travel through Paris upon arrival?

In a horse-drawn carriage with the First Lady

What decorations were displayed in Paris to welcome Wilson?

American flags, floral wreaths, and a banner reading “Vive Wilson”

Where did Wilson travel to in Paris for the negotiations?

The Palace of Versailles

What did Wilson’s reception in Paris reflect?

His popularity and the rising power of the United States

Who praised Wilson as a philosopher-statesman with unprecedented power?

British economist John Maynard Keynes

What profession did Wilson hold before becoming president?

Princeton professor

What slogan did Wilson use for his 1916 re-election campaign?

“He Kept Us Out of War”

What policy did Wilson defend after the war began in 1914?

American neutrality

What did Wilson urge Americans to remain during the early years of the war?

“Impartial in thought as well as in action”

Which country did the U.S. have stronger cultural and economic ties with during the war?

Great Britain

What German action in 1915 killed over 100 Americans?

Sinking of the British ship Lusitania

What secret proposal in 1917 increased U.S. hostility toward Germany?

A German telegram proposing an alliance with Mexico

When did Wilson lead the U.S. into World War I?

Spring of 1917

What did Wilson declare when leading the U.S. to war?

“The world must be made safe for democracy.”

How many U.S. troops played a decisive role in World War I?

Over one million

Which offensive marked the decisive U.S. role in World War I?

The Meuse-Argonne offensive

When was the armistice declared ending World War I?

November 11, 1918

How many American soldiers died in World War I?

50,300

How many Americans died in the Meuse-Argonne offensive?

26,277

Who commanded the American Expeditionary Force in Europe?

General John “Black Jack” Pershing

What was Wilson’s role in military strategy during World War I?

He left strategy to his generals

When did Wilson announce the Fourteen Points?

January 1918

What principles were included in Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret alliances, general association of nations

What was the most important point in Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Establishing a general association of nations (League of Nations)

What new communication method spread Wilson’s Fourteen Points globally?

Radio transmitters

What global first did Wilson achieve with his Fourteen Points speech?

He was the first leader to address the world in real time

How did non-European peoples respond to Wilson’s message?

They were inspired to end colonial rule and seek independence

Who were Wilson’s two main counterparts at the peace talks?

French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George

How many French soldiers died in World War I?

1,385,300

How many British soldiers died in World War I?

900,000

What did France and Britain want from Germany after the war?

Punishment and reparations

What phrase described Wilson’s goal of a fair peace?

“Peace Without Victory”

What major demand did Wilson reluctantly accept in the Treaty of Versailles?

That Germany take sole blame for the war

What punishments did the Treaty of Versailles impose on Germany?

Forfeit colonies, reduce armed forces, give industrial land to France, and pay $21 billion in reparations

What part of the Treaty of Versailles did Wilson refuse to compromise on?

The League of Nations

What did the League of Nations Covenant pledge?

To promote international cooperation and achieve international peace and security

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

June 28, 1919

Who were the Big Four leaders at the Paris Peace Conference?

Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), David Lloyd George (Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (Italy)

Where did an early outbreak of Spanish flu occur in 1918?

At Camp Funston in Fort Riley, Kansas

What were soldiers at Camp Funston in Fort Riley, Kansas suffering from in 1918?

The Spanish flu

What illness did Wilson likely suffer during the Paris Peace Conference?

Spanish flu

What health issues did Wilson develop after Paris?

Headaches, aphasia, and symptoms of a minor stroke