Fossil Fuels

FUEL

a substance that PROVIDES ENERGY, such as LIGHT, HEAT, MOTION, and ELECTRICITY that is a result of chemical change.

FOSSIL FUEL

energy-rich substances formed from the REMAINS OF LIVING ORGANISMS.

3 TYPES OF FOSSIL FUEL

1. COAL (solid)
2. OIL/PETROLEUM (liquid)
3. NATURAL GAS (gas)

HYDROCARBONS

▪CARBON and HYDROGEN atoms
▪MAKE UP FOSSIL FUELS
▪When burned, atoms react
and combine with oxygen =
release heat and light

2 TYPES OF FOSSIL FUEL BASED ON ORIGIN

NATURAL OR PRIMARY FUELS
ARTIFICIAL OR SECONDARY FUELS

NARUTAL OR PRIMARY FUELS

Natural of Primary fuels are processed to
make something chemically distinct from
how they were harvested from a NATURAL RESOURCES.

ARTIFICIAL OR SECONDARY FUELS

Artificial or Secondary fuels are DERIVED
FROM PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES. These fuels are easier for engines to burn, so are often made from crude oil as a way of getting the most energy out as possible.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

● BROKEN BITS OF ROCK end
up in rivers, streams and
lakes.
● Over time, sand and mud
cover the rocks at the
bottom of the water
● Layers of sediment turn
into sedimentary rock
○ Examples: Sandstone,
shale and limestone

COAL

●PLANTS DIE and DECAY into a
spongy substance called PEAT
●The peat is covered with sand
and mud
●Water squeezes out and the
carbon increases and coal is
formed
●Coal has to be mined out of the
earth

4 TYPES OF COAL

LIGNITE (youngest and uncommon), SUBBITUMINOUS (most common), BITUMINOUS (most common), and ANTRHACITE (oldest and rarest)

COKE (FUEL)

It is a fuel with a HIGH CARBON CONTENT and few impurities, made by HEATING COAL in the absence of air. It is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulphur bituminous coal.

OIL

COMES FROM PLANKTON which
died and sank to the bottom
of the sea.
● Gets covered with sand and
mud and is pressed
together, turning into rock.
● Bacteria munches on the
plankton and leaves oil
behind.

CRUDE OIL

oil first pumped out of ground

REFINERY

factory that heats crude oil
and separates it into fuels

PETROCHEMICALS

▪Compounds MADE FROM OIL
▪Used to make plastics, paints, medicines, and cosmetics

NATURAL GAS

COMES FROM PLANKTON
which is covered with
sand and mud
● It is pressed together and
turns to rock
● Bacteria eats the plankton
and leaves a gas behind
● USUALLY FOUND NEAR OIL

STERPS IN HOW ELECRITITY IS PRODUCED FROM FOSSIL FUELS

1. Combustion
2. Water Vaporizes
3. Turbine Rotates
4. Motion of Turbines Induce a Current
5. Electricity is transferred out

ADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS

Cheap Source of Energy
Easy to Transport
Easy Usage
Massive Economic Benefits
Stable Storage
High Calorific Value

DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS

Non-renewable energy source
Poses several environmental concerns
Economic concern
Safety Concern