Geology 1100 Chris Parsons exam 1,2,3
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31 Terms
What is the main mineral in a limestone?
Calcite
2 multiple choice options
Coal is an example of what kind of sedimentary rock?
organic
3 multiple choice options
Order the steps in the formation of a sedimentary rock
1. Weathering & Erosion
2. Transport
3. Deposition
4. Burial & Lithification
3 multiple choice options
Based on your knowledge of the Goldich Dissolution Series, which of these minerals is most susceptible to chemical weathering?
olivine
3 multiple choice options
Which of these rocks is most likely to develop Karst topography?
limestone
3 multiple choice options
shale is a mudstone, meaning it contains a mix of grains of what two sizes?
silt and clay
3 multiple choice options
which of these depositional environments is most likely to contain gravel-sized (large) sediment grains?
river rapids
3 multiple choice options
What is the key difference between a conglomerate and a breccia?
grain roundess
3 multiple choice options
sandstone can be made up of a variety of clasts, but the three most common clasts are quartz grains, feldspar grains, and lithic fragments. However, a heavily-weathered, or "mature", sandstone is almost entirely made of:
quartz grains
2 multiple choice options
which of these is NOT a type of mechanical weathering?
oxidation
3 multiple choice options
which of these vertical successions of strata is most indicative of a sea level transgression?
carbonate (top) - shale (middle) - sandstone (bottom)
3 multiple choice options
Which of these would NOT increase the rate at which a rock unit is chemically weathered?
rapid burial
3 multiple choice options
which if these features is NOT predominantly associated with sedimentary rocks?
foliation
schist is usually very shinny, which of these index minerals can make schist shiny?
muscovite
3 multiple choice options
In a subduction zone, what kind of metamorphism is the subducting slab likely to experience? (when compared to a standard geothermal gradient)
high pressure, low temperature
3 multiple choice options
based on its metamorphic grade, you can expect phyllite to have __________ grains and __________ foliation when compared to gneiss
smaller, finer
2 multiple choice options
rank these metamorphic ricks from lowest-highest grade
1. slate
2. phyllite
3. schist
4. gneiss
3 multiple choice options
match the quartzite metamorphic rock to its most likely protoliths
sandstone
3 multiple choice options
match the marble metamorphic rock to its most likely protoliths
limestone
3 multiple choice options
match the blue schist metamorphic rock to its most likely protoliths
basalt
3 multiple choice options
match the hornfels metamorphic rock to its most likely protoliths
has a wide range of possible
3 multiple choice options
which of these index minerals is associated with the highest temperature of metamorphism?
staurolite
3 multiple choice options
what is the name for a metamorphic rock that has experienced some amount of partial melting?
migmatite
3 multiple choice options
which of these metamorphic rocks is foliated
gneiss
3 multiple choice options
if a rick is experiencing folding at depth, what kind of faults might you expect to find closer to the surface?
reverse
3 multiple choice options
which of the following is NOT a type of different stress?
lithistatic stress
3 multiple choice options
what kind of deformation structure do you most expect to observe in a region experiencing crustal extension, like the basin and range province in Nevada?
normal faulting
3 multiple choice options
brittle deformation is more likely when
-the stress rate is _______
-temperature is _________
-pressure is _________
high, low, low
3 multiple choice options
which part of a fold could you NOT measure using strike and dip?
hinge line
3 multiple choice options
what is the age os the Earth?
4.54 Ga
3 multiple choice options
as you apply __________ to a material, it will exhibit ________. First it will _____________, then it will _____________, until it finally _____________
stress, strain, deform elastically, deform plastically, fractures