a people who share a common heritage, are unified by shared values and heritage, and typically claim a specific location as their homeland based on tradition
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state
synonymous with country
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nation-state
A singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state
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Japan
an example of a nation-state
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multinational state
a country that contains more than one nation
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Canada
example of a multinational state
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stateless nation
cultural groups that have no independent political entity
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multistate nations
a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states
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autonomous region
A defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state
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Nunavut
an example of an autonomous region
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Treaty of Westphalia
the origin of the modern concept of the nation-state
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Fall of communism
This has changed the balance of world power, including the formation of new states
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heartland theory
Mackinder's theory that land based power was essential to world domination
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organic theory
Ratzel's theory that states are living organisms, and they need living space and growth to not only survive but remain strong
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rimland theory
Spykman's theory that controlling key maritime areas of the world leads to world domination, as it provides varied resources, including the sea.
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prorupted state
this country is an example of a(n)
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antecedent boundary
a boundary created before an area is known or populated
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geometric boundary
the 49th parallel is a good example of this
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militarized boundary
the Berlin Wall is an example of this
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unitary state
states with this kind of government allow little to no power/sovereignty for their sub-units; most states of this kind are located in Europe
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territorial sea
a state has sovereignty up to 12 miles off their coast; commercial vessels pass, non-commercial can be challenged
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census
in the United States, redistricting and assigning of seats in the House of Representatives to states is guided by this
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territoriality
a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend space they claim
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federal state
states with this kind of government allow powers/sovereignty for their sub-units; examples would include Canada and the United States
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EEZ
the 200 mile radius off the coast where a country has exclusive rights to harvest resources
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frontier
an area at the edge of any type of effective political control or at the edge of a settlement
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perforated state
this country is an example of a(n)
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subsequent boundary
a boundary created after settlement, usually meant to separate existing cultural groups
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compact state
this country is an example of a(n)
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natural boundary
the Sadra River is an example of this
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NAFTA; European Union
regional trade blocs that can challenge state sovereignty
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devolution
the process in which power moves from the central government to subnational units
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Balkanization
an explosion of conflict between ethnic groups in a region or country
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subnationalist
people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity, rather than their central state
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Quebec
an example of a place where subnationalism is present
national identity; equitable infrastructure development; linguistic, cultural, ethnic homogeneity
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Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
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Colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
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Geopolitics
study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography
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soverignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
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State Morphology
study of states' shapes and their effects
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municipality
A city, town, etc. having its own incorporated government for local affairs.
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Supranationalism
three or more countries agree to give up a degree of autonomy in order to pursue common goals. (ex. European Union)
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Irredentism
a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country
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Democratization
the process of creating a government elected by the people
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Ethnic exclaves
an area populated by an ethnic group separated from the main territory occupied by the same ethnic group
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Ethnic enclaves
neighborhoods where people from similar cultures live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group
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Ethnic separatism
desired regional autonomy expressed by a culturally distinctive group within a larger, politically dominant culture
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Terrorism
the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
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NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
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United Nations (UN)
an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
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OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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Gerrymandering
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
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Redistricting
The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
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UNCLOS (Law of the Sea)
A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones.
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open borders
An open border is a border that enables free movement of people between different jurisdictions with limited or no restrictions on movement.
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Ethnographic border
a cultural boundary that runs along differences in ethnicity, such as language and religion.
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superimposed border
a political boundary/border placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape
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Relic boundary/border
A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area (e.g. border between West and East Germany in Berlin)
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Allocational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.
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Operational Boundary Dispute
Conflict over the way a boundary should operate or function, such as the conflict over allowing migration across the border
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Locational Boundary Dispute
Conflict over the location or place of a boundary
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Definitional boundary dispute
focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
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Defined Boundary
one established by a legal
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document, such as a treaty.
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Demarcated Boundary
identified by physical
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objects place on the landscape, such as a sign,
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wall, or fence.
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administered boundary
The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by a government
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internal boundaries
physical, cultural, or geometric boundaries within a country (such as provinces or states)
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Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
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political map
A map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc. Each is normally a different color
Studied by 25 people
