Respiration

What is the controlled release of energy from food using oxygen called?

Aerobic respiration.

What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?

Glycolysis.

Where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytosol (the cytoplasm without organelles).

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➔ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

What is produced during glycolysis?

2 ATP molecules and a NADH molecule.

What happens to pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen?

It enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl Coenzyme A.

What is the function of the Krebs cycle?

To break down Acetyl CoA into CO2, protons, and electrons to produce energy.

What is the role of NADH in the electron transport system?

To provide high energy electrons for ATP production.

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration?

Ethanol + CO2 or Lactic acid.

How much energy is produced in anaerobic respiration?

Little energy (2 ATP).

How much energy is produced in aerobic respiration?

Lots of energy (38 ATP).

What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

Lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation.

How does the electron transport system contribute to respiration?

It produces ATP and requires oxygen to function.

What is the significance of the electron transport system?

It produces ATP and removes low energy electrons to form water.

What is the difference in oxygen requirements between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic uses O2; anaerobic does not use O2.

In which part of the cell does aerobic respiration primarily occur?

Cytoplasm and the inner membrane of the mitochondria.