Bridges, Math 5th grade Additional Vocabulary

column

a vertical group of numbers or objects arranged one above the other

double/doubling

to multiply a number by 2

evaluate

to solve or find the value of a mathematical expression

halve

to divide something into two equal parts

halving

the act of dividing something into two equal parts

height

the measurement of how tall something is, from bottom to top

length

the measurement of something from end to end

measurement

the size, length, or amount of something, usually measured in units

number

a symbol or word used to represent a quantity

relationship

how two or more numbers or quantities are connected

partial products

the products you get when you break one or both factors into place values and then multiply

row

a horizontal line of numbers or objects

strategy

a plan or method used to solve a problem

value

the worth of a digit based on its place in a number

width

the measurement of how wide something is from side to side

clock face

the front part of a clock that shows the time using numbers and hands

decimal notation

a way to write numbers using a decimal point to show parts of a whole

dime

a coin worth ten cents

double number line

two number lines stacked on top of each other, often used to show ratios or relationships

line

a straight path that goes on forever in both directions

greatest common factor

the largest number that is a factor of two or more numbers

hour (hr.)

a unit of time equal to 60 minutes

least common denominator

the smallest denominator that two or more fractions have in common

least common multiple

the smallest multiple that two or more numbers share

minute (min.)

a unit of time equal to 60 seconds

model

a visual or physical representation used to understand a concept

penny

a coin worth one cent

quarter

a coin worth twenty-five cents

simplify

to make a fraction or expression easier to understand or solve

sixtieth

one part out of sixty equal parts

twelfth

one part out of twelve equal parts

twentieth

one part out of twenty equal parts

byte

a unit of digital information that typically represents one character

compare

to look at two or more numbers and determine how they are similar or different

decimeter

a metric unit of length equal to one-tenth of a meter

digit

any of the ten symbols used to write numbers (0 through 9)

exponential notation

a way of writing numbers using powers of 10 (example

gigabyte

a unit of digital information equal to about one billion bytes

kilobyte

a unit of digital information equal to about one thousand bytes

megabyte

a unit of digital information equal to about one million bytes

minimal collection

the smallest group needed to represent a certain quantity or idea

number name

the word form of a number (example

order

the arrangement of numbers or objects based on a rule (such as size)

place value

the value of a digit depending on its position in a number

powers of 10

multiplying 10 by itself a certain number of times (example

removal

the act of taking something away, often used in subtraction

share

to divide something into equal parts or groups

ten-thousandth

one part out of ten thousand equal parts

unknown

a number that is not known and must be found

divisible/divisibility

able to be divided evenly with no remainder

division

splitting a number into equal parts or groups

double

to multiply a number by 2

error analysis

the process of finding and understanding mistakes in math work

estimation

finding a number close to the exact amount, used to make math easier

multiplication

a math operation where a number is added to itself a certain number of times

open array

a visual model for multiplication using rows and columns without a grid

regroup

to rearrange groups in place value to help with addition, subtraction, etc.

standard algorithm

a step-by-step method for solving math problems, like long division

greater than

showing that one number is larger than another (>)

group

a set or collection of items

grouping

organizing items into sets or categories

less than

showing that one number is smaller than another (<)

linear unit

a unit of measurement for length (like inch, centimeter)

rectangular array

a model with rows and columns used to show multiplication

sharing

dividing something into equal parts

visual fraction model

a picture or diagram used to show what a fraction means

adjacent

next to or touching

area model

a visual model that shows multiplication by breaking numbers into parts and showing the area

arrangement

the way items are organized or placed

category

a group of items that share common traits

closed figure

a shape with no openings, where all lines connect

coordinate grid

a grid with a horizontal axis and vertical axis used to locate points

coordinate points

numbers that show where a point is located on a coordinate grid (x, y)

cubic centimeter

a unit of volume equal to a cube that is 1 centimeter on each side

cubic inch

a unit of volume equal to a cube that is 1 inch on each side

cubic inches

more than one cubic inch, used to measure volume

formula

a math rule or equation used to solve a problem

graph

a visual way to show information and relationships

hierarchy

a way of organizing shapes by their properties from most specific to most general

interior

the inside part of a shape or figure

irregular polygon

a shape with sides and/or angles that are not all equal

linear pattern

a pattern that increases or decreases at a constant rate

nonlinear pattern

a pattern that does not increase or decrease at a constant rate

ordered pair

two numbers used to name a point on a coordinate plane (x, y)

point

a location in space shown by a dot

properties

characteristics or rules about how numbers or shapes work

property

a rule in math that always works the same way (like the commutative property)

regular polygon

a polygon where all sides and angles are equal

sequence

a list of numbers or objects in a certain order

side

a line segment that makes up part of a shape

square foot

a unit of area that is a square with sides that are 1 foot long

absorption

the process of taking in or soaking up, used in science but sometimes discussed in math or measurement contexts

active solar design

a method of using solar energy to heat spaces, may be discussed in applied math problems

decimal number

a number that includes a decimal point to show parts of a whole

decimal point

a dot used to separate whole numbers from parts of a whole

distance

how far apart two points are

equivalent

having the same value or amount

equivalent ratio

two ratios that name the same relationship

multiplier

the number that you multiply by in a multiplication problem

partial quotient

a method of division that uses estimates and subtraction in steps