Studied by 2 peopleEncomienda System
A system used by Spaniards in which Indians were given to colonists to use for laborIn exchange, the Spaniards made attempts to convert them to Christianity
Treaty of Tordesillas
An agreement between Portugal and Spain that created an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean. Everything discovered west of it was Spain's, east was Portugal's
conquistadors
Spanish explorer in the New World. Wanted to conquer natives, dominate lands, use natural resources, and get gold
Columbian Exchange
Trade relationship that connected the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Food, people, materials, disease
Roanoke Island
first English settlement in the New World. the settlement failed; mysteriously disappeared
Joint-Stock Company
created to make money to fund colonization in lieu of government funding
Royal Colony
Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government
Act of Toleration
The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics
Halfway covenant
people could take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. Created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members
Great Awakening
religious movement characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people
mercantilism
economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country.
Navigation Acts
Series of acts establishing rules for colonial trade. Trade to/from colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships. All goods imported to colonies, had to pass through the ports in England. Specified goods from the colonies could be exported only to England.
Dominion of New England
Increase royal control in the colonies, combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies.
indentured servants
Young people under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free.
Middle Passage
Voyage from West Africa to the West Indies. Horrific journey for slaves and many died
Bartolome de Las Casas
A Spanish missionary who was disgusted and outraged by the poor treatment of Native Americans especially the encomienda system
Roger Williams
Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs
Sir William Berkeley
Royal Governor of Virginia who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids
John Winthrop
governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. Envisioned colony, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness
George Whitefield
attracted crowds of 10,000 people. His sermons stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those who openly professed belief in Jesus Christ. He taught that ordinary people could understand scripture without depending on ministers to lead them.
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