Exam 3 - lecture study guide

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Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key movement terms, joint classifications, synovial fluid components, synovial joint shapes, and TMJ dislocation factors from the lecture notes.

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24 Terms

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Dorsiflexion

Movement that bends the foot upward toward the shin (dorsum).

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Plantar Flexion

Movement that points the toes downward, as if "planting" the foot.

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Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot so it faces medially.

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Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot so it faces laterally.

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Protraction (Mandible)

Anterior movement of the mandible—jutting the jaw forward (underbite).

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Retraction (Mandible)

Posterior movement of the mandible—pulling the jaw back toward the neck.

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Elevation (Mandible)

Lifting a body part superiorly; closing the jaw.

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Depression (Mandible)

Lowering a body part; opening the jaw.

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Fibrous Joint

Immovable joint where bones are connected by dense fibrous tissue (e.g., skull sutures, gomphoses).

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Cartilaginous Joint

Slightly movable joint where bones are united by cartilage (e.g., intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis).

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Synovial Joint

Freely movable joint enclosed in a fluid-filled joint capsule (e.g., shoulder, knee).

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Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint in which bones are united by a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate, first rib–sternum).

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Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint where bones are united by fibrocartilage with articular hyaline cartilage surfaces (e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs).

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Hyaluronic Acid (in Synovial Fluid)

Molecule that gives synovial fluid its viscosity and lubricating properties.

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Interstitial Fluid (in Synovial Fluid)

Fluid component that delivers nutrients to and removes waste from joint tissues.

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Lubricin

Glycoprotein in synovial fluid that enhances smooth movement of articular surfaces.

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Macrophages (in Synovial Fluid)

Immune cells that remove debris and keep the joint clean.

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Ball-and-Socket Joint

Multiaxial synovial joint with a spherical head fitting into a cup-like socket (e.g., shoulder, hip).

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Saddle Joint

Biaxial synovial joint with concave and convex surfaces resembling a saddle (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb).

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Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joint

Biaxial synovial joint with an oval articular surface fitting into a depression (e.g., knuckles, wrist).

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Pivot Joint

Uniaxial synovial joint that allows rotational movement around a single axis (e.g., proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial).

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Hinge Joint

Uniaxial synovial joint permitting flexion and extension like a door hinge (e.g., elbow, interphalangeal joints).

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Plane (Gliding) Joint

Nonaxial synovial joint with flat surfaces that slide past each other (e.g., intercarpal, intertarsal).

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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dislocation

Occurs easily because the mandibular fossa is shallow and the joint capsule is loose, allowing the condyle to slip out during overextension.