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Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key movement terms, joint classifications, synovial fluid components, synovial joint shapes, and TMJ dislocation factors from the lecture notes.
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Dorsiflexion
Movement that bends the foot upward toward the shin (dorsum).
Plantar Flexion
Movement that points the toes downward, as if "planting" the foot.
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot so it faces medially.
Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot so it faces laterally.
Protraction (Mandible)
Anterior movement of the mandible—jutting the jaw forward (underbite).
Retraction (Mandible)
Posterior movement of the mandible—pulling the jaw back toward the neck.
Elevation (Mandible)
Lifting a body part superiorly; closing the jaw.
Depression (Mandible)
Lowering a body part; opening the jaw.
Fibrous Joint
Immovable joint where bones are connected by dense fibrous tissue (e.g., skull sutures, gomphoses).
Cartilaginous Joint
Slightly movable joint where bones are united by cartilage (e.g., intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis).
Synovial Joint
Freely movable joint enclosed in a fluid-filled joint capsule (e.g., shoulder, knee).
Synchondrosis
Cartilaginous joint in which bones are united by a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate, first rib–sternum).
Symphysis
Cartilaginous joint where bones are united by fibrocartilage with articular hyaline cartilage surfaces (e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs).
Hyaluronic Acid (in Synovial Fluid)
Molecule that gives synovial fluid its viscosity and lubricating properties.
Interstitial Fluid (in Synovial Fluid)
Fluid component that delivers nutrients to and removes waste from joint tissues.
Lubricin
Glycoprotein in synovial fluid that enhances smooth movement of articular surfaces.
Macrophages (in Synovial Fluid)
Immune cells that remove debris and keep the joint clean.
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Multiaxial synovial joint with a spherical head fitting into a cup-like socket (e.g., shoulder, hip).
Saddle Joint
Biaxial synovial joint with concave and convex surfaces resembling a saddle (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb).
Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joint
Biaxial synovial joint with an oval articular surface fitting into a depression (e.g., knuckles, wrist).
Pivot Joint
Uniaxial synovial joint that allows rotational movement around a single axis (e.g., proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial).
Hinge Joint
Uniaxial synovial joint permitting flexion and extension like a door hinge (e.g., elbow, interphalangeal joints).
Plane (Gliding) Joint
Nonaxial synovial joint with flat surfaces that slide past each other (e.g., intercarpal, intertarsal).
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dislocation
Occurs easily because the mandibular fossa is shallow and the joint capsule is loose, allowing the condyle to slip out during overextension.