Exam 3 - lecture study guide

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key movement terms, joint classifications, synovial fluid components, synovial joint shapes, and TMJ dislocation factors from the lecture notes.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that bends the foot upward toward the shin (dorsum).

Plantar Flexion

Movement that points the toes downward, as if "planting" the foot.

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot so it faces medially.

Eversion

Turning the sole of the foot so it faces laterally.

Protraction (Mandible)

Anterior movement of the mandible—jutting the jaw forward (underbite).

Retraction (Mandible)

Posterior movement of the mandible—pulling the jaw back toward the neck.

Elevation (Mandible)

Lifting a body part superiorly; closing the jaw.

Depression (Mandible)

Lowering a body part; opening the jaw.

Fibrous Joint

Immovable joint where bones are connected by dense fibrous tissue (e.g., skull sutures, gomphoses).

Cartilaginous Joint

Slightly movable joint where bones are united by cartilage (e.g., intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis).

Synovial Joint

Freely movable joint enclosed in a fluid-filled joint capsule (e.g., shoulder, knee).

Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint in which bones are united by a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate, first rib–sternum).

Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint where bones are united by fibrocartilage with articular hyaline cartilage surfaces (e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs).

Hyaluronic Acid (in Synovial Fluid)

Molecule that gives synovial fluid its viscosity and lubricating properties.

Interstitial Fluid (in Synovial Fluid)

Fluid component that delivers nutrients to and removes waste from joint tissues.

Lubricin

Glycoprotein in synovial fluid that enhances smooth movement of articular surfaces.

Macrophages (in Synovial Fluid)

Immune cells that remove debris and keep the joint clean.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Multiaxial synovial joint with a spherical head fitting into a cup-like socket (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Saddle Joint

Biaxial synovial joint with concave and convex surfaces resembling a saddle (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb).

Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joint

Biaxial synovial joint with an oval articular surface fitting into a depression (e.g., knuckles, wrist).

Pivot Joint

Uniaxial synovial joint that allows rotational movement around a single axis (e.g., proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial).

Hinge Joint

Uniaxial synovial joint permitting flexion and extension like a door hinge (e.g., elbow, interphalangeal joints).

Plane (Gliding) Joint

Nonaxial synovial joint with flat surfaces that slide past each other (e.g., intercarpal, intertarsal).

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dislocation

Occurs easily because the mandibular fossa is shallow and the joint capsule is loose, allowing the condyle to slip out during overextension.