Our Journey To Now: Outcome 9

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10 Terms

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Gregor Mendel

Famous for his discoveries about inheritance based on experiments on pea plants

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Mendel discovered:

  • Characteristics are determined by hereditary units

  • These units are passed on unchanged, one from each parent

  • Hereditary units can be dominant or recessive

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Genes

  • Segments of DNA

  • Programs which construct a living organism and cause it to function

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Alleles

  • Two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent

  • Forms the same gene with small differences in sequences of the DNA bases

  • Genes are made up of alleles

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Genotype

  • Gene combination for a trait, eg:

    • RR

    • Rr

    • rr

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Phenotype

  • The physical feature resulting from a genotype

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Homozygous alleles

  • The same type of alleles, e.g:

    • YY

    • yy

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Heterozygous alleles

  • Different types of alleles

    • Yy

    • yY

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Dominant

  • Characteristics that appear in the F1 generation and 75% of the F2 generation.

  • Overshadows recessive traits

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Recessive

  • Characteristics that did not appear in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2 generation.

  • OVershadowed by the dominant traits