Studied by 38 peopleWagner dates
1813-1883
Big 3 contributions of Wagner
heavy chromaticism (leads to atonality)
Leitmotiv
large performing forces
Who is the composer?
Librettist - wrote their own lyrics
through composed melodies
inspired by Beethoven and Mozart
Leipzeig, Germany
received support from Patrons
married one of Liszt’s children
Wagner 1813-1883
What were the point of Wagner’s essays?
music is the servant of the drama
What are the names of Wagner’s essays?
Music of the future, opera and drama
What are Wagner’s opera contributions?
Rienzi 1842
Die Fliegender Hollander 1843
Der Ring des Nibelungen 1876
Tristan und Isolde 1857
Tristan und Isolde
1857
Wagner (1813-1883)
appearance of Tristan chord, duet, pantomime occurs
Wagner created what by doing what?
created the fourth wall by lighting up the stage and dimming the audience
Brahms dates
1833-1897
Who is the composer?
combined classical and romantic
music editor
remained a bachelor throughout his life
obsessed with Beethoven
took music from the past/present ONLY
created works in the classical traditions
Brahms
Brahms was mostly known for his what? How many did he compose?
Symphonies and 4 of them
What was Brahms composition style?
broken chord figurations, doubling the melody in octaves, 3rds/6ths
T or F: Brahms’ simple ideas developed into innovative textures
True
Symphony No. 4, Movement 4
1885
Brahms (1833-1897)
Tonal, ear-pleasing, developing variations
Variation in bass line from Baroque period
Chaconne
The variations presented in Brahms’ compositions are extensions of something we have heard before; later is called “developing variation’ created by ___
Schoenberg
Mahler dates
1860-1911
Who is the composer?
late romantic period
was Jewish, but converted to Catholicism
wanted to travel and conduct
famous conductor
leading composer of symphonies
themes from his songs appeared in his symphonies
Mahler 1860-1911
How many symphonies did Mahler compose
9
How many orchestral song cycles did Mahler compose
5
Name of Mahler’s 8th symphony
Symphony of a thousand
For Mahler, composing a symphony was like
“constructing a world”
Symphony 4, Mvmt 1
1900
Mahler 1860-1911
one hour, easy to follow, pizz. strings, child-like, simplistic
Nun will die sonn from Kindertotenlieder
1904
Mahler 1860-1911
ironic because the sun with rise but the melody line goes down, baritone, german text
Strauss dates
1864-1949
Who is the composer?
conductor
like literature
dominant figure in german music
Strauss
What three things was Strauss remembered for?
Opera, Lieder, tone poem
What is a tone poem?
program music, one movement
Don Quixote
1897
Strauss 1864-1949
tone poem, instruments represent characters, strings, prominent solos
Hugo Wolf dates
1860-1903
Who is the composer?
german
prominent Lieder composer
placed poet’s name above his own in compositions
chromatic saturation
Wolf 1860-1903
all 12 pitches of chromatic scale within a section of music
chromatic saturation
Lebe Wohl
1888
Wolf 1860-1903
chromatic saturation, soprano, german text
Giuseppi Verdi dates
1831-1901
Who is the composer?
not many extractable numbers
name means “Joe Green”
Verdi
What was the patriotic cry catch line for nationalism?
Viva Verdi
What was Verdi’s first successful opera?
Nabuko 1842
Va, Pensiero
1842 from Nabuko
Verdi 1831-1901
united through unison, Italian text, waltz like but in common time, memorable melody
Whose operas are these?
La Traviata 1853
Rigoletto 1851
Aida 1871
Verdi
Giacomo Pucchini dates
1858-1924
Blank + Blank = Pucchini
Verdi + Wagner = Pucchini
How was Pucchini like Verdi?
fluid scenes like Verdi, scenes flowed into each other
How was Pucchini like Wagner?
drama and leitmotiv like Wagner
The soprano in Pucchini operas dies in which act?
Two
What are 3 Big Pucchini Operas?
Madame Butterfly 1904
La Bonheme (Rent) 1896
Tosca 1900 (dies off a cliff)
O Mio Babbino Caro
from Gianni Schicchi
1918
Pucchini 1858-1924
catchy, short, memorable melody, appreciate the vocalism
Leoncavallo dates
1857-1919
Who is the composer?
rival of Pucchini
always trying to keep up with him
created Verismo
Leoncavallo
real life, real people, real drama, real time, poor people, two hours of real life
Verismo
Vesti la giubba from Pagliacci
1892
Leoncavallo
“the show must go on” from the clown
tenor, moving, emotional
Maguchaya Kuchka
mighty handful
What did Maguchaya Kuchka do?
went against the “professionalism of the conservatories”
tried to capture the soul of Russian music
parallel 4th/5ths, heterophony, lack of strong tonality
What is heterophony?
variation of one melodic line
Mighty Five
Balakirev
Borodin
Cui
Rimsky-Korsakov
Mussorgsky
(Bad Bologna Cries Red Mustard)
“leader of the pack”
the only professional of the Mighty Handfu;
Balakirev 1836-1910
chemist and doctor
women’s rights advocate
Borodin 1833-1887
music critic
mostly compared to art songs
Cui 1835-1918
Flight of the Bumblebee
18 when he joined the group
joined the Russian Navy
Rimsky-Korsakov 1844-1908
most original of the group
sad life; died of alcohol poisoning
essentially tonal
dissonances resolved in unconventional ways
wanted a uniquely russian music identity
composers stole/rearranged his works
post death famous
Mussorgsky 1839-1881
Night on Bald Mountain
1867
Mussorgsky and Rimsky-Korsakov
tone poem (1st Russian composer), strings, not performed until 1932
Dvorak dates
1841-1904
Who is the composer?
obsessed with trains
Czech
hired to create the Americana sound
Dvorak
How many symphonies did Dvorak compose?
9
How many concertos did Dvorak compose?
4
How many operas did Dvorak composer?
9
Whose prolific works are these?
Slavonic Dances
New World Symphony 1893
Rusalka (opera) 1901
Dvorak
What is the name of the opera, written by Dvorak, that has the same story as a famous disney animation?
Rusalka 1901
Dvorak said there were 3 things about Americana sound, what were they?
wide open spaces, Native American music, African American spirituals
New World Symphonies
1893
Dvorak
performed in Carnegie hall, 4 movements, big, fast, passionate
Opera Comique has ____ instead of recit.
dialogue
T or F: Opera Comique is funny
False
George Bizet dates
1838-1875
Who is the composer?
French
late romantic period
wrote an opera comique
died shortly after Carmen thinking it was a flop
Bizet
This opera was set in Spain, even though the composer was French
Tchaikovsky and Brahms loved it
themes of betrayal, murder, sexuality
4 acts
popular outside of France
Carmen
Habanera from Carmen
1875
Bizet 1838-1875
use of chorus, french text, spanish themes, modified strophic
Rachmaninoff dates
1873-1943
Who is the composer?
no interest in Russian culture
married first cousin
made his home in America an exact replica of the one at home
giant hands
Rachmaninoff
Rachmaninoff had some clear composition techniques, what are they?
Wide ranges, heavy handed, dotted rhythms, essentially tonal
Prelude in g minor
1901
Rachmaninoff 1873-1943
dynamic contract, AABA, dotted rhythms, heavy handed
Scriabin dates
1872-1915
Who is the composer?
post tonal
tiny hands
classmate of Rachmaninoff
dropped out of Moscow conservatory
Striabin 1872-1915
Scriabin’s compositional techniques
static, made his own harmonic vocabulary, little to no resolution
Gesamkunstwerk
all of the components that brings a work together
music, costumes, props, makeup, ensemble, lighting
Note
Flashcard