RNA Processing exam

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13 Terms

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Main purpose of RNA processing

To prepare pre-mRNA for translation

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Three main RNA processing steps

5′ capping, splicing, and 3′ polyadenylation

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5′ capping addition

A modified guanine nucleotide

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Function of the 5′ cap

Protects mRNA and helps ribosome binding

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Poly-A tail

A stretch of adenines (A's) added to the 3′ end of mRNA

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Function of the poly-A tail

Stabilizes mRNA and helps export from the nucleus

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What removes introns from pre-mRNA

The spliceosome

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Exons

Coding regions that remain in mature mRNA

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Introns

Noncoding regions removed during splicing

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snRNPs composition

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and proteins

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Alternative splicing

Joining exons in different combinations to make multiple proteins from one gene

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RNA editing

The alteration of RNA sequence after transcription

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Codon

A sequence of 3 RNA bases that code