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Gene Pool Definition
The gene pool is the total collection of all alleles (versions of genes) in a population.
Genetic Variation
Populations have different alleles causing variation in traits among individuals.
Natural Selection Process
Environmental pressures cause some traits to be more advantageous.
Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Changes in Trait Percentages
Because individuals with advantageous traits reproduce more, the alleles for these traits increase in frequency in the gene pool.
Alleles for less advantageous traits decrease in frequency.
Result Over Time
The population evolves, with a higher percentage of individuals showing the advantageous traits.
This is how natural selection changes the genetic makeup of populations.
Example
In a population of moths, dark-colored moths become more common in polluted areas because they are better camouflaged and survive predators better.