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Thebes
capital of Egypt during the Middle & New Kingdom
Dynasty
series of rulers from the same family
Hyksos
Invaders who ruled Egypt for ~150 years; Had better weapons, stronger steel, and horse drawn chariots. End of Middle Kingdom
Avaris
Capital of Egypt under the Hyksos.
Ahmose
drove the Hyksos out of Egypt using their own weapons; start of New Kingdom
Hatshepsut
EGYPTIAN PHARAOH INTERESTED IN TRADE AND BUILDING TEMPLES RATHER THAN WAR.
Was Regent for her step-son Thutmose III, but refused to give up power. Wore a beard and dressed as a man.
Famous for building Temple at Deir el-Bahr
Regent
Someone who serves as pharaoh until person is old enough to become pharaoh
Thutmose III
Wanted war and expansion; Egypt reached its largest size during his reign.
Perhaps attempted to remove all evidence of the reign of his step-mom Hatshepsut, who ruled while he was too young.
Nubia
southern region of Egypt, aka Kush; taken over by Thutmose III
Savanna
a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees; Upper Nile River where the Kingdom of the Kush was located was a savanna
Amenhotep IV
changed his name to Akhenaten to demonstrate his devotion to the god Aten; then tried to make Egypt monotheistic.
Akhenaten
Only monotheistic pharaoh. He believed in one god – ATEN – sun disc
Armana
Egypt’s capital city under Akhenaten; abandoned shortly after his death.
TIme period of Akhenaten’s rule is called the Armana Period
Heretic
person who does not follow widely held beliefs or practices; some called Akhenaten a heretic for trying to make Egypt monotheistic.
Nefertiti
wife of Akhenaten; name means “beautiful wife”
Tutankhamun
KING TUT – best known for the treasures found in his tomb;
son of Akhenaten; Tut restored Egypt to polytheism
Cause of death not known.
Some believe he was killed by an advisor, Ay or Horemheb
Vizier
adviser to the pharaoh
Lord Carnavon
financed the search for King Tut’s tomb.
Valley of the Kings
where the pharaohs of the New Kingdom were buried
Ramses II
warrior pharaoh, built cities and temples with slave labor.Â
Built famous temple at Abu Simbel.
Had ~150 children, ~200 wives
Kadesh
Location of famous battle fought between Ramses the Great and the Hittites; Battle was a draw; both sides signed a peace treaty