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pull factor

Something that makes people excited to move to the United

States for greater opportunities.

push factor

Something that caused people to want to leave their country

and live somewhere else.

Irish potato famine

Irish people couldn’t support themselves in Ireland any longer

because of this.

religious persecution

People fled Poland, Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Ireland

because the people there faced this problem.

overcrowding in Europe

Several generations of land inheritance led to this problem for

Europeans.

assembly line

This new production strategy allowed workers

to make things faster by doing one job over and

over, but it was tedious and sometimes

dangerous for workers.

labor union

An organized association of workers, often in a trade or

profession, formed to protect and further their rights and

interests.

strike

When workers collectively agree to stop working in order to

gain a concession from an employer.

collective bargaining

Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by

an organized body of employees.

The homestead strike

This strike in Pennsylvania ended with a conflict between

union workers and Pinkerton Agents, after which the union

workers were all replaced.

family and friends

Immigrants could count on these people to supply

temporary housing and food until they got a job and a

place to live.

literacy test

The Immigration Act of 1917 instituted THIS in an attempt to

keep out uneducated immigrants.

standardized test/ability grouping

These kept immigrant children out of higher level classes

in school.

immigration aid societies

Ethnic organizations that began as neighborhood social

groups. They met mainly in churches and synagogues,

groceries, and saloons—the centers of immigrant community

life

settlement houses

Community centers that provided a variety of services to the

poor, especially to immigrants, including daytime care for

children, as well as classes, health clinics, and recreational

opportunities for the entire community.

non-union workers

These types of workers were honestly hired to replace union

workers because they were cheaper.

american letters

Writing sent home from people living and working in the

United States, that usually praised the country.

Henry ford

This man was one of the first business owners to

utilize an assembly line:

Pinkerton agency

An agency that spied on Unions in order to find out who the

members were, so company owners could replace those

people.

tenement houses

Workers lived in these cramped spaces, which often had 2 or

more families together in one.

immigration

The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

mass production

The production of large quantities of a product by an

automated mechanical process.

urbanization

The population shift from rural to urban areas

americanization

The process of an immigrant to the United States becoming a

person who shares American values, beliefs, and customs by

assimilating into American society

nativism

The policy of protecting the interests of U.S. Citizens against

those of immigrants.

The name of Ellis Island’s equivalent on the WEST

coast.

angel island