Unit 1 Lesson 1.1-1.2 - Developments in East Asia and Dar al-Islam (1200-1450)

Song Dynasty

Dominant power in East Asia (960-1279 CE).

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing hierarchical social relationships.

Neo-Confucianism

Blend of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Government entity executing the emperor's will.

Civil Service Examination

Test for bureaucratic positions based on Confucian texts.

Meritocracy

System rewarding qualified individuals over nepotism.

Champa Rice

New rice strain boosting agricultural production.

Commercial Economy

Economy focused on trade and market activities.

Paper Money

Currency facilitating trade and economic growth.

Joint Stock Companies

Business model sharing risks among investors.

Gunpowder

Explosive used in military technology for warfare.

Tributary Relationship

Political independence with economic ties to China.

Cultural Influence

Impact of one culture on another's practices.

Technological Advancements

Innovations improving agriculture, trade, and military.

Printing

Technology enabling mass production of texts.

Shipbuilding

Advancements enhancing maritime trade capabilities.

Compass

Navigational tool improving maritime exploration.

Bureaucratic Expansion

Growth of government roles for effective governance.

Ethics in Neo-Confucianism

Moral principles guiding personal and social conduct.

Women in Song China

Marginalized status influenced by Confucian principles.

Cultural Exchange

Interaction between different cultures leading to adaptation.

Military Technology Innovations

Advancements in weaponry and defense mechanisms.

Economic Growth

Increase in wealth and resources during the period.

Tributary Relationship

Political arrangement where one state pays tribute to another.

Sinification

Assimilation of Chinese traditions by neighboring cultures.

Bushido

Japanese code of conduct emphasizing loyalty and honor.

Shogun

Military ruler in Japan with significant power.

Foot Binding

Chinese practice of tightly binding women's feet for status.

Mahayana Buddhism

Accessible form of Buddhism incorporating local beliefs.

Zen Buddhism

Syncretic faith blending Buddhism and Daoism.

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing hierarchical social order and morality.

Theravada Buddhism

Focuses on individual escape from the cycle of rebirth.

Delhi Sultanate

Muslim state in India established by Turkish invaders.

Mamluk Sultanate

North African state ruled by enslaved soldiers.

Seljuk Turks

Turkic group that established a sultanate in the Middle East.

Abbasid Caliphate

Islamic empire known for cultural and political unity.

Cultural Fragmentation

Breakdown of political unity while maintaining cultural influence.

Civil Service Exam

Chinese examination system for selecting government officials.

Buddhism in China

Religion that underwent significant changes after entering China.

Status of Women

Declined during Song Dynasty, influenced by Confucianism.

Property Rights

Legal rights allowing women to own property.

Vietnamese Buddhism

Adaptation of Buddhism with a unique female perspective.

Chinese Writing System

System of symbols used for writing in China.

Cultural Exchange

Interaction between cultures leading to mutual influence.

Islamic Legal System

Shariah, governing aspects of Muslim life.

Cultural Achievements

Intellectual advancements despite political fragmentation in Islam.

House of Wisdom

Baghdad center for translating and preserving knowledge.

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Scholar known for advancements in astronomy and mathematics.

Ibn Khaldun

Historian and sociologist, known for historiography.

Five Pillars of Islam

Core beliefs and practices in Islamic faith.

Shia Muslims

Sect believing in Ali as Muhammad's rightful successor.

Sunni Muslims

Sect following elected leaders after Muhammad's death.

Sufism

Mystical Islamic belief emphasizing personal connection to God.

Female Infanticide

Outlawed practice of killing newborn girls in Islam.

Dowries

Payments made directly to women upon marriage.

Inheritance Rights

Women's right to inherit and own property.

Divorce Rights

Women could initiate divorce and receive settlements.

Veil and Harem

Symbols of women's rights limitations in Islamic societies.

Hijab

Headscarf with varying meanings across cultures and times.

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty known for Confucian governance and innovations.

Civil Service Examination

Merit-based system for government service in China.

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing social hierarchy and obedience.

Cultural Borrowing

Adoption of Chinese practices by neighboring countries.

Political Fragmentation

Division within Dar al-Islam during 1200-1450.

Cross-Cultural Exchange

Sharing of knowledge among different cultures.

Islamic Scholars

Intellectuals building on earlier works from diverse cultures.

Prophet Muhammad

Founder of Islam, regarded as final prophet.

Intellectual Innovations

New ideas and advancements shared among scholars.

Dar al-Islam

Regions where Islam is the dominant religion.

Civil Service Examination

Expanded during Song Dynasty for social mobility.

Neo-Confucianism

Blend of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism emphasizing ethics.

Foot Binding

Status symbol among elite women in Song Dynasty.

Champa Rice

Agricultural innovation boosting Song Dynasty's economy.

Paper Money

New currency facilitating trade in Song Dynasty.

Joint-Stock Companies

Business model promoting investment and trade growth.

Gunpowder Technology

Advancements in siege warfare during Song Dynasty.

Tributary System

Economic and political control over neighboring states.

Kowtow

Ritual bow performed by tributary states to emperor.

Zheng He

Explorer demonstrating imperial power through maritime voyages.

Goryeo Dynasty

Korea's political independence through tributary relationship.

Kamakura Shogunate

Japan's feudal system established in 1185.

Bushido

Samurai code emphasizing honor and loyalty.

Dai Viet

Vietnam's political independence within tributary system.

Islamic World

Cultural region despite political fragmentation post-Abbasid.

Abbasid Caliphate

Unified large territory through Arabic language and traditions.

Delhi Sultanate

Muslim political state established in India by Turks.

Ghulams

Military slaves used in Turkic-led Islamic states.

Sharia

Common legal system across Islamic political entities.

Centers of Learning

Baghdad, Córdoba, Cairo, and Bukhara fostered innovation.

Cultural Exchange

Trade spread goods and ideas across regions.

Women's Status

Declined in Song China, retained some rights.

Guerrilla Warfare

Vietnam's resistance against Chinese influence.

Shia-Sunni division

Disagreement on Muhammad's succession in Islam.

Sufism

Mystical Islamic branch emphasizing personal connection to God.

Quran

Islamic holy book granting women's rights.

Patriarchal structures

Societal systems favoring male authority in Islam.

Al-Andalus

Muslim rule in Spain, notable for cultural exchange.

Córdoba

Major center of learning during Islamic rule.

Mongols

Conquerors who ended Abbasid Caliphate in 1258.

Seljuk Turks

Central Asian group that established a sultanate.