EXAM 1 - Endocrine system pt. 1

Exocrine glands

Outside environment

Ducts

Ex. of Exocrine glands

Sweat

Stomach acid

Saliva

Endocrine glands

Inside the body

Bloodstream

Internal secretions

Intracellular

Within

Intercellular

Between

Speed and persistence of response

Nervous :

Endocrine :

Quickly

Slowly

Adaptation to long-term stimuli

Nervous :

Endocrine :

Quick adaption

Slow adaptation

Area of effect

Nervous :

Endocrine :

Targeted

Widespread

Hypothalamus

True mastergland

Pituitary gland doesn’t do anything until the ____ tells it to

Hypothalamus

Where does the pituitary gland sit

Sella turcica in the sphenoid bone

The structure that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary

Infundibulum

Name for Anterior pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis

Name for posterior pituitary gland

Neurohypophysis

Adenohypophysis is ____ and ___ hormones

Glandular

Makes

Neurohypophysis is ____ and ____ hormones

Nervous tissue

Stores

Series of capillaries that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary only

Hypophysial portal system

Releasing hormone (2 aspects)

Made in hypothalamus

Going to the anterior pituitary to stimulate

Hypothalamic hormones

GnRH

TRH

CRH

GHRH

Anterior lobe hormones

GH
PRL

ACTH
TSH
LH

FSH

GnRH goes to

FSH

LH

TRH goes to

TSH

CRH goes to

ACTH

GHRH goes to

GH

2 hormones that are made by the hypothalamus, sent to the posterior pituitary and stored there

Oxytocin (OT)

Antidiuretic (ADH)

Function of Oxytocin (OT)

Contractions (P.F)

Function of Antidiuretic (ADH)

Water retention

Vasopressin

Constricts blood vessels, and increases blood pressure.

Vasopressin

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function

Sperm

Egg production

Luteinizing hormone (LH) function

Progesterone

Testosterone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 2 main hormones and one word that goes with it

T3

T4

Metabolism

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) function

Stimulate adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Where does cortisol get released from

Glucocorticoids

Prolactin (PRL)

After birth

Milk production

Growth hormone (GH) target tissues

Bone

Muscle growth

Negative feedback ex.

TRH to TSH

GH goes to the liver and cause the secretion of

IGF-1

Pineal gland

Melatonin

Circadian rhythm

Thymus gland

Immunity

Active until puberty

Thyroid gland

Metabolism

Rich blood supply

Need ___ to make thyroid hormones

Iodine

Lowers calcium levels

Calcitonin

Parathyroid glands

Increase calcium levels

Increase bone resorption (osteoclasts)

Two regions of adrenal gland

Medulla

Cortex

Inner region of adrenal gland

Medulla = fight or flight

Fight or flight hormones and class

Epinefrin

Norepinefrin

Catacholamines

Catecholamine effects

Sugar/Carb

Break down glycogen

Decrease urine prod.

First layer of cortex and class of hormones and ex.

Zona glomerulosa

Gineralocorticoids

Aldosterone

Middle and largest layer of cortex and class of hormones and ex.

Zona fasciculata

Glucocorticoids

Cortisone

Mineralocorticoids function

Na+ retention

water retention

K+ excretion

Glucocorticoids function

Anti inflammitory but immune supressing