Vision

Visual acuity deficits

Blurry vision, decreased sharpness

Intervention: big, bold, bright

Visual field deficits (hemianopsia, quadrantanopia)

Scanning, anchoring , organized scanning

Visual neglect

Usually L neglect

scanning

Anchoring

Bilateral integration

place items on neglected side

Dipopia

double vision

• Occlusion (eye patch or spot patch).

• Prisms (with specialist).

• Eye exercises (pencil push-ups, smooth pursuits, saccades).

• Stabilize environment (reduce background for nystagmus).

Strabismus

misalignment

• Occlusion (eye patch or spot patch).

• Prisms (with specialist).

• Eye exercises (pencil push-ups, smooth pursuits, saccades).

• Stabilize environment (reduce background for nystagmus).

Nystagmus

uncontrolled movement

• Occlusion (eye patch or spot patch).

• Prisms (with specialist).

• Eye exercises (pencil push-ups, smooth pursuits, saccades).

• Stabilize environment (reduce background for nystagmus).

Convergance

difficulty focusing on items that are close to eyes

• Occlusion (eye patch or spot patch).

• Prisms (with specialist).

• Eye exercises (pencil push-ups, smooth pursuits, saccades).

• Stabilize environment (reduce background for nystagmus).

Visual Agnosia

Can’t recognize objects

• use other sense, label items

Prosopagnosia

Can’t recognize faces

• teach cues like hairstyle, voice, clothing

Visual closure

can’t identify incomplete object

• practice puzzles, worksheets

Figure ground discrimination

can’t find objects in clutter

• reduce clutter

form constancy

same shape in different size

• practice w/ object in different forms

depth perception

judging distance/depth

• environmental cues (colored tape)

Spatial relations

difficulty understanding directions/positions

• practice arranging, obstacles, map activities

Topographical disorientation

can’t navigate familiar places

• landmarks, maps, GPS

Visual discrimination

can’t distinguish objects by features

-color coding, sorting, matching

Cataracts

cloudy lungs, glare, decreased contrast

• increase light, contrast, avoid glare

Macular degeneration

loss of central vision

-use eccentric viewing, magnifiers, increase contrast

Glaucoma

loss of peripheral vision

-teach scanning

Diabetic retinopathy

fluctuating visions, scotomas

• big bold bright, scan