The Immune System 1

What does the immune system do?

Defend the body against disease using white blood cells to maintain homeostasis

What do white blood cells do in the immune system

White blood cell fight pathogens

What produces white blood cells

Lymphatic organs

What is the term for things that infect and make you sick

Pathogen

What are two parts of the immune system

innate and adaptive

What immunity is immediate and non-specific?

Innate Immunity

What immunity is delayed and highly antigen-specific

Adaptive immunity

What is the difference between innate immunity memory and adaptive immunity memory

Adaptive immunity has fast and strong memory. Innate does not have memory

What type of immunity has B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

Adaptive

What are the 7 steps in immune response

Pathogen entry

Innate recognition, immediate response, antigen presentation, adaptive activation, pathogen clearance, memory formation

How do pathogens enter the body

By breaching Epithelial barriers

What three things happens during the immediate response in immune response?

Phagocytosis, inflammation, and activation

What memory formation occurs during immune response?

B and T cell memory

What layer of the skin contains macrophages, NKT cells, mast cells, and plasmacytoid DC

Dermis

WHY do pathogens enter the body after the barrier is breached

To get nutrients from the body

What is signaled to increase blood vessel permeability after endotoxin intrusion?

Mast cells

What is released from the blood vessels after permeability increases

Macrophages

What are the three complement system pathways

classical, lectin, alternative

What pathway is initiated by C1, C2, and C4 proteins and binds to AB

Classical

What pathway needs C3 complement protein and does not need an additional molecule to activate the cascade?

Alternative

What pathway is initiated by C2 and C4 complement protein and needs MBL (Mannose Binding Lectin)

Lectin

What triggers swelling, pain, heat, and redness?

Interleukins

What is the role of receptor mediated responses in innate immunity?

To detect pathogens to trigger interleukins

What type of immunity contains the complement system and receptor mediated responses

Innate

How long is innate immunity response time?

Minutes to hours

What are three effector mechanisms in innate immunity

Complement activation, inflammation, phagocytosis

How does the intensity of innate immunity change to repeat infection?

Stays the same

What is an antigen

The part of the pathogen that triggers an immune response

What are immunogens

Antigens that elicit an immune response.

What are epitopes/ Antigenic Determinant

antibody binding sites

What do capillary plasma and tissue fluids form?

Lymph

What is the role of dendritic cells in innate immunity

They capture microbial components and display them on their surface (does not destroy)

Where do dendritic cells take the antigens after displaying them on their surface?

Into the lymphatic vessel/lymph node to present them to the T cells

What do T cells do after dendritic cells present antigens

T cells clone and expand, creating an army of Ag specific T cells. T cels leave the LN to access the blood

How do B lymphocytes interact with soluble antigens as they enter the lymph node?

They recognize the antigens using a B cell receptor

What to B cells become after recognizing antigens in the lymph nodes

They differentiate into antibody producing PLASMA cells and migrate out of the lymph node

What are two types of T cells

CD4 and CD8

What is the role ofCD4 T helper (Th) in adaptive immunity

They produce cytokines that enhance actions of other cells (like macrophages, neutrophils, and NKCs)

What is the role of CD8 T lymphocytes in adaptive immunity?

Release cytotoxins that kill infected tissue cells

What is the role of plasma cells in adaptive immunity

Secrete antibodies (Ab) that neutralize infection to prevent further spread

What is the response time for adaptive immunity

4-7 days

What are three effector mechanisms of adaptive immunity?

Cytokines, cytotoxicity, antibodies

How does adaptive immunity intensity change in response to repeat infection

More rapid and effective with each subsequent exposure