Introduction to Human Movement and Nutrition Basics

Physical Education

Education through physical activity for health and competence.

Philippine Constitution 1987

Promotes physical education and sports programs nationwide.

Republic Act No. 5708

Law for promoting integral physical education in schools.

Human Movement

Involves motor skills and reflex actions.

Quickening

Baby's movement in womb, 16-24 weeks gestation.

Childhood Movement Development

Learn complex motions, balance, and coordination.

Adulthood Movement

Requires precise motor skills for daily activities.

Anatomy

Study of bodily structure through dissection.

Sports Biomechanics

Science of human movement using mechanics.

Exercise Physiology

Studies internal systems affected by body movements.

Sports Psychology

Examines psychological factors influencing athletic performance.

Physiological Factors

Body parts and functions affecting human movement.

Physical Factors

Body composition and injuries hindering movement.

Psychological Factors

Emotions like fear and confidence affecting movement.

Sociological Factors

Group membership influencing participation in activities.

Pulling

Upper body drive load towards the body.

Pushing

Upper body drive load away from the body.

Squat

Knee and hip bend to lower body.

Lunge

Single leg movement with one foot forward.

Hinge

Hip bend with minimal knee bend.

Rotation

Turning to produce or reduce force.

Gait

Patterns of limb movement during locomotion.

Skeletal System

Supports body and protects organs.

Adult Bones Count

206 bones in an adult human.

Types of Bones

Includes long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.

Neurocranial Bones

Protects and supports the brain.

Viscerocranium Bones

Supports facial muscles and structures.

Hyoid Bone

Aids in swallowing, protects the esophagus.

Thoracic Cage

Protects heart and lungs with 12 rib pairs.

True Ribs

First 7 ribs directly connected to sternum.

False Ribs

8th to 10th ribs indirectly connected to sternum.

Floating Ribs

11th and 12th ribs not connected to sternum.

Clavicle

Collarbone connecting chest to shoulder.

Scapula

Shoulder blade visible from posterior view.

Humerus

Long bone in upper arm from shoulder to elbow.

Radius

Bone in lower arm, thumb side.

Ulna

Narrower lower arm bone, opposite radius.

Carpal Bones

Eight small bones in the wrist.

Metacarpal Bones

Five bones forming the palm.

Phalanges

Fourteen finger bones total.

Pelvic Girdle

Protects pelvic organs, butterfly-shaped.

Femur

Longest and strongest bone in the body.

Tibia

Larger lower leg bone, counterpart to fibula.

Fibula

Thinner lower leg bone, forms ankle.

Calcaneus

Heel bone connecting to tarsal bones.

Tarsal Bones

Seven bones in the foot, includes talus.

Talus

Bone between calcaneus and lower leg bones.

Metatarsal Bones

Bones in the foot analogous to metacarpals.

Voluntary Muscles

Muscles controlled consciously by the brain.

Involuntary Muscles

Muscles operating without conscious control.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle forming heart walls.

Visceral/Smooth Muscles

Involuntary muscles in organ systems.

Rectus Abdominis

Muscle for trunk flexion and abdominal compression.

Pectoralis Major

Chest muscle that adducts and flexes the arm.

Pectoralis Minor

Stabilizes scapula, pulls it forward and downward.

Serratus Anterior

Draws scapula forward, aids in pushing movements.

Deltoid

Abducts arm, lifting it away from the body.

Bicep Brachii

Flexes and supinates the forearm.

Triceps Brachii

Extends the forearm, located at the back.

Trapezius

Upper back muscle that moves shoulders and head.

Latissimus Dorsi

Middle to lower back muscle, adducts and extends arm.

Quadriceps Femoris

Muscle group extending the lower leg at the knee.

Gluteus Maximus

Muscle that extends the femur.

Bicep Femoris

Hamstring muscle that flexes the lower leg.

Cervical Vertebrae Count

Seven vertebrae in the cervical region.

Bicep femoris

Muscle located at the back of the thigh.

Nutritional guidelines

Recommendations for maintaining health through diet.

Macronutrients

Energy-providing nutrients consumed in large quantities.

Carbohydrates

Primary fuel source for the body.

Simple carbohydrates

Quickly absorbed sugars like candy and drinks.

Complex carbohydrates

High-fiber foods providing prolonged energy.

Proteins

Building blocks for muscle growth and repair.

Fats

Nutrients for insulation and vitamin absorption.

Saturated fats

Fats found in dairy and meat, raise cholesterol.

Polyunsaturated fats

Healthy fats found in fish and nuts.

Water

Essential for hydration and regulating body functions.

Micronutrients

Trace elements vital for growth and health.

Vitamins

Organic compounds aiding in nutrient utilization.

Minerals

Inorganic substances regulating body chemical reactions.

Healthy eating habits

Practices promoting balanced nutrition and wellness.

Hydration

Maintaining adequate fluid intake for health.

Avoid processed foods

Minimizing intake of unhealthy, artificial food products.

Eat colorful foods

Incorporating diverse nutrients through various foods.

Symptoms of deficiency

Physical signs indicating lack of nutrients.

Muscle cramps

Involuntary muscle contractions due to nutrient deficiency.

Dehydration

Condition resulting from inadequate water intake.

Fatigue

Extreme tiredness often linked to nutrient lack.

Anemia

Condition caused by insufficient iron or vitamins.

Cold intolerance

Inability to tolerate cold due to fat deficiency.

Growth failure

Inadequate physical development from nutrient shortages.

Common Reflex Actions in Infants

Grasp reflex, sucking reflex, and Moro (startle) reflex.

Importance of Childhood for Human Movement

Childhood is essential for human movement as it's the phase where foundational motor skills are developed.

Evolution of Motor Skills

Motor skills evolve from basic reflexes in infancy to complex, coordinated movements in adulthood.

Benefits of Understanding Human Movement

Understanding human movement helps improve health, sports performance, and physical rehabilitation.

Factors Affecting Human Movement

Psychological, Environmental, Physical, and Sociocultural factors.

Psychological Factor in Movement

The psychological factor affects movement through emotions like fear, confidence, and anxiety.

Physiological Factors Affecting Movement

Physiological factors affect movement through physical aspects such as muscle strength, flexibility, and endurance.

Number of Bones in Adult Human Body

The adult human body has 206 bones.

Cranium Function

The cranium protects the brain.

Regions of the Skull

Cranial bones: Protect the brain (e.g., frontal and parietal bones); Facial bones: Form the face structure (e.g., mandible, maxilla).