Chapter 23: The Gynecologic Examination and Prenatal Care

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25 Terms

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What is gynecology?

The branch of medicine that deals with health maintenance and diseases of the female reproductive system

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Define Amenorrhea

Absence or cessation of the menstrual period

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Define Cervix

The lower narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina

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Define Colposcopy

Examination of the cervix using a colposcope

(a lighted instrument with a magnifying lens)

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Define Dysmenorrhea

Pain that is associated with the menstrual period

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Define Dysplasia

The growth of abnormal cells

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What is the purpose of a pelvic examination?

To assess the size, shape, and location of the reproductive organs and to detect the presence of disease

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What position is the patient in for the exam?

Lithotomy position

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Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by what?

human papillomavirus (HPV)

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Box 23.3: American Cancer Society Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations

Summarized Recommendations

  • Cervical Cancer Testing Age: Start Pap testing at age 21; no testing for those under 21.

  • Ages 21-29 Testing Frequency: Pap test every 3 years; HPV testing only after an abnormal Pap result.

  • Ages 30-65 Testing Options: Preferred is Pap plus HPV (cotesting) every 5 years; alternative is Pap test every 3 years.

  • High-Risk Screening: Higher frequency screening for women at increased risk or with abnormal Pap results.

  • Ages 65+ Testing Guidelines: No testing if regular screenings were normal in the past 10 years; stop testing if no issues; continue testing for 20 years if there's a history of serious pre-cancer.

  • Post-Hysterectomy Testing: No testing needed for women who've had a total hysterectomy for non-cancer reasons and have no relevant medical history.

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What is a pap test? What does the pap test try to detect?

It is a simple and painless cytology evaluation used to detect abnormal cells that may develop into cervical cancer if not treated

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Most abnormal cells found on a pap test are caused by what?

Infection and inflammation

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What is the human papillomavirus test?

A DNA test that detects the genetic material of high risk types of HPV that have infected the cervical cells

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The patient should be instructed to schedule a cervical cancer screening approximately when?

10 to 20 days after the first day of her LMP

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What is the LMP?

Last menstrual period

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What other STI often occurs with gonorrhea?

Chlamydia

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Genital herpes occur most commonly in what age group?

14 to 49

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What are the two types of herpes?

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

and

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)

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What is the treatment for the herpes virus?

Daily dose of antiviral medication

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Why does HPV spread so rapidly?

They are transmitted through skin to skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex

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With a low risk of HPV, there is a low risk of what?

Causing cancer

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What can develop with a low-risk case?

Genital warts

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With a high-risk case of HPV, there is a high risk of what?

Causing cancer

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Patients are asked to provide a urine specimen at each returning prenatal visit.

What does the medical assistant test for?

Glucose and protein

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What disorder is the most common in pregnancy, affecting 10% to 12% of all pregnanices?

Hypertension