Lipid Metabolism Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards on Lipid Metabolism.

Chylomicrons

Lipoproteins formed in the intestinal mucosal cells.

HDL

Transports cholesterol and other lipids from tissues to the liver.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

The product of glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols catabolism.

Albumin

Binds to free fatty acids for circulation in the bloodstream.

LDL

Uptaken by cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Propionyl-CoA

The final product of the b oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids.

Ketone Bodies

Metabolic fuels that include acetoacetate, acetone, and D-b-hydroxybutyrate.

Phosphopantetheine

A prosthetic group contained in Acyl carrier protein (ACP).

Malonyl-CoA

An initiator molecule required for fatty acid synthesis along with acetyl-CoA.

Cholesterol

Formed from ordered sequence of condensation of isoprene units.

Bile acids

Cholesterol derivatives synthesized by the liver to aid in the digestion of triacylglycerols.

Acyl CoA synthetase

An enzyme that primes fatty acids for entry into the oxidation pathway

5¢-deoxyadenosylcobalamin

A prosthetic group that contains vitamin B12.

Ketosis

A condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds its metabolism which results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic decarboxylation of acetoacetate to acetone.

Glyceroneogenesis

The process by which Triacylglycerols are synthesized during times of starvation via.

Cardiolipin

The molecule formed when two phosphatidylglycerol molecules condense, eliminating glycerol as a side product.

Interfacial activation

A process that controls the activity of lipases due to the lipid-water interface where lipases are active.

Apolipoproteins

Water-soluble proteins that loosely associate with lipoproteins, contain helices with hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups.

Sphingomyelin

An important structural lipid found in nerve cell membranes and a type of phospholipid

Prostaglandins

Molecules that triggers Pain and inflammation, synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by aspirin.

Arachidonic acid

A 20-carbon fatty acid used for synthesis of prostaglandins.

Sphinganine

An intermediate made from palmitoyl-CoA and serine in the synthesis of ceramides, spingomyelins and cerebrosides.

HMG-CoA reductase

The enzyme that catalyses the key regulatory step of cholesterol synthesis and is inhibited by statins.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

An enzyme that produces malonyl CoA and requires acetyl CoA, catalyzsing the committed step in fatty acid oxidation.

Condensing enzyme (KS)

The mechanism of fatty acid synthase that is best described as covalent catalysis using a cys residue in the active site

Malonyl CoA

The source of the two carbon fragments in fatty acids biosynthesis.

Acetyl CoA

The starting metabolite in ketone body biosynthesis.

Aspirin

A drug that acts by acetylating a serine residue preventing adequate enzyme activity.

Arachidonate

Synthesizes PGH2 and triggers pain and inflammation.

Lanosterol

A compound produced by the multistep cyclization of squalene.