World History Final Exam Review Guide

Document Based Exam

Exam format focusing on analyzing documents.

Primary Source

Original materials from the time period studied.

Secondary Source

Interpretations or analyses of primary sources.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of goods between the Americas and Europe.

Scientific Revolution

Period of advancements in scientific thought, 16th-18th centuries.

Copernicus

Astronomer who proposed heliocentric theory.

Galileo

Scientist known for telescope improvements and astronomy.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

Voltaire

Philosopher advocating for freedom of speech and religion.

Locke

Philosopher who believed in natural rights: life, liberty, property.

Rousseau

Philosopher who wrote about social contract theory.

Wollstonecraft

Early advocate for women's rights and education.

French Revolution

Revolution leading to the rise of democracy in France.

Napoleon

French leader who expanded the empire and reformed laws.

Laissez-faire Economics

Economic system with minimal government intervention.

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership and free markets.

Socialism

Economic system where the government controls production.

Communism

Political ideology advocating for classless society.

Nationalism

Patriotic feeling promoting national identity and unity.

Unification of Italy

Process of consolidating various states into one nation.

Otto von Bismarck

German statesman known for unifying Germany.

Sepoy Mutiny

Rebellion against British rule in India, 1857.

Opium Wars

Conflicts between China and Britain over opium trade.

Scramble for Africa

Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers.

Rudyard Kipling

Author known for works on British imperialism.

Globalization

Increasing interconnectedness of economies and cultures.

WWI

Global conflict from 1914 to 1918.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty ending WWI, imposing penalties on Germany.

War Guilt Clause

Article blaming Germany for WWI.

Rise of Dictators

Emergence of authoritarian leaders in the 20th century.

Fascism

Authoritarian political ideology emphasizing nationalism and state control.

Nuremberg Laws

Anti-Semitic laws enacted in Nazi Germany.

Kristallnacht

Night of broken glass, anti-Jewish pogrom in 1938.

The Holocaust

Systematic genocide of Jews during WWII.

Cold War

Political tension between the US and USSR post-WWII.

The United Nations

International organization promoting peace and cooperation.

Mutual Assured Destruction

Military strategy ensuring total destruction of both sides.

The Berlin Wall

Barrier dividing East and West Berlin from 1961-1989.

Decolonization

Process of colonies gaining independence from imperial powers.