Safeguarding and Positive Behavior in Healthcare

Flashcards covering key concepts in safeguarding, duty of care, mental capacity, types of abuse, radicalization, positive behavior, conflict of interest, and related legislation for healthcare professionals.

What is the definition of safeguarding?

Protecting an individual’s health, wellbeing and human rights, enabling them to live free from harm, abuse and neglect.

Who are those at risk requiring safeguarding?

Children and young people, and adults receiving care.

What are the six key principles of safeguarding introduced by the Department of Health in 2011?

Empowerment, Protection, Prevention, Proportionality, Partnership, Accountability.

What does 'Empowerment' mean in the context of safeguarding?

Giving individuals opportunities to make their own decisions and exercise their rights by providing accurate and relevant information.

What does 'Protection' mean in the context of safeguarding?

Safeguarding vulnerable adults who access services or need care, support, and protection by providing representation when needed.

What does 'Prevention' mean in the context of safeguarding?

Taking actions and strategies to safeguard those in your care or those you are responsible for through policies, legislation, and regulations.

What does 'Proportionality' mean in the context of safeguarding?

Ensuring actions taken are proportionate to the risks posed, considering all aspects of well-being before providing information for decision-making.

What does 'Partnership' mean in the context of safeguarding?

Involves different professionals with various backgrounds and competencies working together to prevent, detect, and report safeguarding concerns.

What does 'Accountability' mean in the context of safeguarding?

Being responsible for delivering expected care standards and addressing issues when tasks are not properly executed or assigned to untrained staff.

What is Duty of Care?

A legal duty to provide a reasonable standard of care and act in ways that protect patients' safety.

What is the purpose of the Mental Capacity Act (2005) plus Amendment (2019) in relation to healthcare?

To safeguard and support individuals over the age of 16 who may lack the mental capacity to make choices about their own treatment or care.

What is Mental Capacity?

Being able to make an informed decision at the time it needs to be made.

What are the 5 key principles of the MCA (2005)?

Principle 1: A presumption of capacity; Principle 2: Individuals being supported to make their own decisions; Principle 3: Unwise decisions; Principle 4: Best interests; Principle 5: Less restrictive option.

According to the Care Act 2014, what legal obligations do local authorities have to protect vulnerable adults?

Establishing adult safeguarding boards, leading multi-agency safeguarding systems, conducting investigations, carrying out safeguarding adult reviews, and arranging for independent advocates.

What are two key components of the Health and Social Care Act (2012) that protect vulnerable groups?

Healthwatch and Monitor.

What are the roles of Healthwatch and Monitor?

Healthwatch ensures the consumer voice is heard, and Monitor regulates the health sector to improve services.

Which groups are more susceptible to abuse?

Women, BAME backgrounds, children, young people, elderly people, people with disabilities, speakers of other languages, those suffering from ASM, and the LGBTQIA+ community.

What factors may contribute to an individual being vulnerable to harm or abuse?

Age, Health/Medical issues, Mental capacity, History of abuse, Social Isolation, Alcohol and substance abuse, Finance.

List different types of abuse and harm.

Physical, Sexual, Emotional, Coercion/control, Organisational/Institution, Financial, Neglect, Domestic, Professional, HBV, Violence, Cruelty, Forced Marriage, Child sexual exploitation.

What are some signs and symptoms of Physical Abuse?

Bruising, unexplained injuries, unexplained bleeding.

Which Other types of abuse are associated with Modern Day Slavery?

Child sexual exploitation, Forced Marriage, Honour based abuse.

What are some signs and symptoms associated with Sexual Abuse?

Unwanted pregnancies, STIs, promiscuity.

What are some forms of Emotional Abuse?

Bullying, Belittling, Verbal abuse, Gaslighting.

What are some signs and Symptoms of Emotional Abuse?

Depression, Anxiety, Low confidence, Low self-esteem.

What key words are associated with Coercion/Control?

Force and Imposing.

What are signs and symptoms of Organisational/Institutional Abuses?

Restricted visiting times, patient complaints.

What are some signs and symptoms of Financial Abuse?

Debt, Lack of money.

What does 'Neglect' mean?

Failure to at least the minimum standard of care that meets a person’s basic care needs.

What are some signs and Symptoms of Neglect?

Unkempt appearance, Malnutrition.

Who can commit Domestic Abuse?

Spouse and Close family.

Who can commit Professional Abuse?

GP, nurses or other health professional.

When abuse is suspected or disclosed, what communication should take place?

Respecting confidentiality balanced with assessing risks.

What are the 5 stages of raising and escalating concerns?

Raise concerns with your line manager, raise concern with designated person, escalate your concern to a higher level, escalate your concerns to a health regulatory organisation, and public disclosure.

What procedures must be followed when reporting safeguarding issues?

Report instance but don’t intervene unless immediate or imminent threat to safety, and understand the next point of escalation if suspected abuse not investigated.

What categories of evidences can be used when preserving evidence?

Documentation of facts, observation charts, and clinical photography (with consent).

Raising awareness can help cover important aspects around a subject including?

Definitions, Implications, Ways to reduce and manage yourself and others in this situation.

What is the name of the legislation that supports whistleblowing?

Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998.

What makes a complaint policy accessible?

Languages, Formats, Prints.

What risk are focused on Risk management procedures?

Safeguarding, Vulnerable groups, Health & Safety.

What are the key factors when working with person-centred values?

Seeing the person as an individual, Empowerment & Power, Respecting values & Preferences, Choice & Autonomy, Respect & Dignity, Empathy & Compassion.

What is Multi-agency working?

Different agencies come together or alongside each other to protect those who falls within any vulnerable group.

What is Holistic approach?

considering the overall health and well-being of a person as well as their need, before you deliver any care or support.

What is Advocacy?

Getting support from another person to help you express your views and wishes, and help you stand up for your rights.

What is Patient Safety?

The avoidance of accidental or unintended injury or harm during a period of receiving healthcare.

What should you do when taking 'all reasonable care' according to your duty of care?

Ensure a safe environment, plan tasks and approaches, use the R-L-T model, and review care and medical notes.

What is Clinical effectiveness?

Means the application of healthcare, taking into consideration the individual’s wishes, healthcare professional’s experience, and evidence-based research in the approach.

According to the lecture notes, what should one think about when it comes to Clinical effectiveness?

Personalisation agenda, Person centered care and approach, Your own personal development.

What is Radicalisation?

Means the action or process of someone to adopt or support terrorism, or radical extremist beliefs connected with terrorism or terrorist groups.

What are some Factors that contributes to Radicalisation?

Sudden religious fervour, Feeling rejected by family/friends, Identity confusion, Personal crisis, Peer pressure related to terrorism, Experience of poverty/social disadvantage, Change in behaviour.

What are some Identifying signs of radicalisation?

Detachment, Anger, Privacy & secrecy, Avoidance.

What is the purpose of Prevent duty?

Combat, challenge, confront and prevent all forms of terrorism. The aim is to stop people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism.

What are the objectives of Prevent duty?

Tackle the ideological causes of terrorism, intervene early to support people susceptible to radicalisation, and enable people who have already engaged in terrorism to disengage and rehabilitate.

What is the purpose of CONTEST?

To reduce the risk from terrorism to the UK, its citizens and interests overseas, so people can live freely and with confidence.

What are the 4 themes when using and adhering to the CONTEST guidelines?

Prevent, Pursue, Protect, Prepare.

How would you define positive behaviour?

Behaviours are based on being socially or professionally acceptable and unacceptable.

What three elects are associated with positive behaviours?

Key to safeguarding individuals, failure to comply with behavioural standards could result in noncompliance and deregistration, and improves quality service provision for positive outcomes.

What is the goal for the health Regulatory bodies?

Protect the public, uphold professional standards, and maintain public confidence in health professionals and the profession itself.

What are some Range of positive behavior expected of a health professional?

Promotion of choice, dignity, inclusion, independence, individuality, identity, privacy and confidentiality of information.

What is the Behavioural Frameworks?

It is a set of core behaviours which define how you are expected to approach your work and how this sits alongside what you do regardless of your role (within the health industry).

What 5 elements make up the behavioural assessment framework?

Taking responsibility, Building trust and respect, Working together, Excellence, Keeping it simple.

According to the lecture notes, what workplace policies are focused on?

Whistleblowing and Social media.

What is Performance Management?

A formal (professional), regular (set intervals) and rigorous (thorough) system of data collection and usage to indicate trends and measure the performance of services.

What is achieved through Supervision and Appraisal?

Supervision, Appraisal.

What is conflict of interest?

This is a situation where a person of trust, or an organisation’s own interests are in direct conflict with the interest of the patient.

How can dealing with conflict of interest?

Be open and honest acting with integrity, follow workplace guidelines, and declare any personal conflicts.