AP CSP CRAM - FIVEABLE

computing innovations

an innovation that uses a program as a key part of their function

computing innovation physical samples

robots, tablets, and smart technology

computing innovation non physical samples

social media, applications, edition software, and video games

collaboration

integral to CS because it allows for diverse ideas and thoughts that cater toward different people

pair programming

when two people share a computer and take turns coding

logic Errors

unexpected behavior in program's output

syntax errors

the code does not work properly because it is typed or written incorrectly

run-time errors

error occurs while code runs

overflow errors

the numbers are too big for the computer

iterative development process

develop working prototypes of a program and go back through the cycle to redevelop the program

incremental development process

break a problem into small parts and then reassemble the solution when each party is fixed

waterfall development model

a step-by-step process where each step flows into another

data

collection of numbers and facts from different sources

bits

binary digits; what computers store data in

machine code

what computer reads; usually in the binary system

__ bits = 1 byte

8 bits

hexadecimal

used for RGB color codes and it uses numbers and letters to represent values

ASCII code

converts text to binary format

abstraction

reduces complexity by only focusing on the most important parts and hiding the irrelevant parts from the user

analog data

measured continuously and change smoothly

digital data

measured digitally and leaves out extra data by simplifying the data collected (form of abstraction)

data compression

dependent on the method used and the amount of repeated info in the data

lossless compression

less compression and better file quality

lossy compression

more compression and worse file quality

metadata

data about data

data mining

examining very large data sets to find information

transforming data

editing or modify data

pseudocode

an outline of the basic ideas behind how algorithms will work. review ap csp exam sheet and fully understand it.

ap pseudocode index

index that starts are 1

loops

traverse through list/arrays/strings

data types

integers, strings, lists, and booleans

list (array)

an ordered sequence of element

strings

ordered lists of characters

substrings

part of a string

string concatenation

occurs when two strings or more are connected w/ a "+"

algorithm

has instructions that accomplish a task or solve a problem

all algorithms are created using

sequencing, selection, and iteration

sequencing

all of the code is executed in the order they are written in

expression

a statement that only returns one value (Evaluated with PEMDAS)

selection

processed through if statements that all have teh conditions that need to be met for the selection to run

else-statements

attached to if-statements which specify what happens if a condition is not met

if-statement

selection will run if conditions required are met

MOD (%)

gives you the remainder of 2 numbers

nested conditional statements

conditional statements inside of conditional statements

procedures

programming instructions that are also called methods or functions

parameters

input variables of a procedure

arguments

a call with defined values and attributes

logical (Boolean) operators

NOT, AND, and OR

element

individual value in a list

index

what all elements have

sequential computing

traditional programming where each program is processed at a time

parallel computing

when a program is broken into smaller operations and processed at the same times using multiple processors

distributed computing

multiple devices communicate together to run a program

sequential solution

takes as long as the number of all the steps in a program

parallel computing solution

faster with less number of cores

fault tolerant

something can still function even with a partial malfunction

redundancy

duplication of things

internet

interconnection and networks

computer network

when multiple computing devices communicate with each other

data packets

what data on the internet is split into

routing

the process of finding the best path to deliver information

digital divide

gaps betweent hose who have access to the internet and those who do not

things that affect digital divide

demographics, socioeconomic status, and geographic location

intellectual property

the work that people consider "theirs"

copyright

the person who created something determines who uses their creation

creative commons

copyright license for creators to give others the ability to use their work

open-sourcing

work is freely shared, distributed, and modified

open access

research available to public without restrictions

malware

malicious software that takes control of a system

phishing

tricks people into giving their personal information away

encryption

encoding data to prevent others from accessing it

symmetric key encryption

one key for both encrypting and decrypting

public key encryption

public key is to encrypt and private key is to decrypt