Reproduction in Plants – Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

40 fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on plant reproduction, including asexual and sexual reproduction, vegetative propagation, pollination, fertilisation, and seed and fruit formation.

The ability of living organisms to produce young ones of their own kind is called __.

reproduction

The production of new plants from a single parent without reproductive cells is called __ reproduction.

asexual

The production of new plants that involves fusion of reproductive cells is called __ reproduction.

sexual

When an organism breaks into two or more pieces and each piece develops into a new individual, the process is called __.

fragmentation

Lightweight reproductive units formed inside a sporangium that germinate into new plants are called __.

spores

Clusters of sporangia on the underside of fern leaves are called __.

sori

Formation of a small outgrowth on yeast that detaches to form a new cell is called __.

budding

The growth of new plants from roots, stems or leaves is termed __ propagation.

vegetative

The underground swollen stem of potato used in vegetative propagation is called a __.

stem tuber

Underground stems of onion protected by fleshy scaly leaves are called __.

bulbs

Branched underground stems of ginger and turmeric are called __.

rhizomes

Vegetative reproduction using a stem segment with an axillary bud planted in soil is called __.

cutting (stem cutting)

The propagation method in which a branch is bent and buried so it develops roots before being cut from the parent is called __.

layering

Joining a scion to a rooted stock so cambium layers unite is the technique of __.

grafting

Growing plants from tiny pieces of tissue in a nutrient medium is called __.

micropropagation (tissue culture)

In tissue culture, the mass of undifferentiated cells formed from the explant is called __.

callus

Plants produced by vegetative propagation are genetically __ to the parent plant.

identical

A major disadvantage of vegetative propagation is that diseases present in the parent are __ to offspring.

transferred

The collective term for all sepals of a flower is the __.

calyx

Brightly coloured floral parts that attract pollinators are collectively called __.

corolla

Each stamen consists of a filament and an __.

anther

Pollen grains are produced inside the __ sacs of the anther.

pollen

The female reproductive part of a flower is the __.

pistil (carpel)

The sticky top of the pistil that receives pollen is the __.

stigma

The swollen basal part of the pistil that contains ovules is the __.

ovary

Transfer of pollen to the stigma of the same flower or plant is called __ pollination.

self

Transfer of pollen between flowers of different plants of the same species is called __ pollination.

cross

Flowers pollinated by insects often have __ coloured petals and fragrance.

brightly

Wind-pollinated flowers usually have __ pollen grains that are small and dry.

lightweight

In water pollination, pollen grains are protected by a __ coating.

waxy

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote is called __.

fertilisation

After fertilisation, the ovule becomes a __.

seed

After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a __.

fruit

A fruit that develops from parts other than the ovary, such as apple or pear, is called a __ fruit.

false

Fruits with a soft pericarp, like tomato or grape, are termed __ fruits.

fleshy

The technique of manually transferring selected pollen to the stigma for crop improvement is called __ pollination.

artificial

The process of crossing two plants to combine desirable traits is called __.

hybridisation

The new plant formed by hybridisation is known as a __.

hybrid

Seeds require air, water and suitable __ to germinate.

temperature

The ability of living organisms to produce young ones of their own kind is called __.

reproduction

The agents that help in the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma are called __.

pollinating agents (or pollinators)

The process by which seeds are scattered away from the parent plant is called __.

seed dispersal

Name four common methods of seed dispersal.

wind dispersal, water dispersal, animal dispersal, explosion mechanism

Why is seed dispersal important for plants?

It reduces competition for light, water, and nutrients between the parent plant and its offspring, and helps in colonizing new areas.

The production of new plants from a single parent without reproductive cells is called __ reproduction.

asexual

The production of new plants that involves fusion of reproductive cells is called __ reproduction.

sexual

When an organism breaks into two or more pieces and each piece develops into a new individual, the process is called __.

fragmentation

Lightweight reproductive units formed inside a sporangium that germinate into new plants are called __.

spores

Clusters of sporangia on the underside of fern leaves are called __.

sori

Formation of a small outgrowth on yeast that detaches to form a new cell is called __.

budding

The growth of new plants from roots, stems or leaves is termed __ propagation.

vegetative

The underground swollen stem of potato used in vegetative propagation is called a __.

stem tuber

Underground stems of onion protected by fleshy scaly leaves are called __.

bulbs

Branched underground stems of ginger and turmeric are called __.

rhizomes

Vegetative reproduction using a stem segment with an axillary bud planted in soil is called __.

cutting (stem cutting)

The propagation method in which a branch is bent and buried so it develops roots before being cut from the parent is called __.

layering

Joining a scion to a rooted stock so cambium layers unite is the technique of __.

grafting

Growing plants from tiny pieces of tissue in a nutrient medium is called __.

micropropagation (tissue culture)

In tissue culture, the mass of undifferentiated cells formed from the explant is called __.

callus

Plants produced by vegetative propagation are genetically __ to the parent plant.

identical

A major disadvantage of vegetative propagation is that diseases present in the parent are __ to offspring.

transferred

The collective term for all sepals of a flower is the __.

calyx

Brightly coloured floral parts that attract pollinators are collectively called __.

corolla

Each stamen consists of a filament and an __.

anther

Pollen grains are produced inside the __ sacs of the anther.

pollen

The female reproductive part of a flower is the __.

pistil (carpel)

The sticky top of the pistil that receives pollen is the __.

stigma

The swollen basal part of the pistil that contains ovules is the __.

ovary

Transfer of pollen to the stigma of the same flower or plant is called __ pollination.

self

Transfer of pollen between flowers of different plants of the same species is called __ pollination.

cross

Flowers pollinated by insects often have __ coloured petals and fragrance.

brightly

Wind-pollinated flowers usually have __ pollen grains that are small and dry.

lightweight

In water pollination, pollen grains are protected by a __ coating.

waxy

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote is called __.

fertilisation

After fertilisation, the ovule becomes a __.

seed

After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a __.

fruit

A fruit that develops from parts other than the ovary, such as apple or pear, is called a __ fruit.

false

Fruits with a soft pericarp, like tomato or grape, are termed __ fruits.

fleshy

The technique of manually transferring selected pollen to the stigma for crop improvement is called __ pollination.

artificial

The process of crossing two plants to combine desirable traits is called __.

hybridisation

The new plant formed by hybridisation is known as a __.

hybrid

temperature