Neurotransmitters and Neural Integration p4

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering neurotransmitters and neural integration in Anatomy and Physiology.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses from one neuron to another.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

The first identified neurotransmitter; primarily excitatory and found at neuromuscular junctions.

Cholinergic synapse

A synapse where acetylcholine is released.

Neurotransmitter function classification

Neurotransmitters can be classified as excitatory or inhibitory based on the receptors they bind to.

GABA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Catecholamines

A group of biogenic amines including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

Amino acids as neurotransmitters

Some building blocks of proteins, like glutamate and glycine, function as neurotransmitters.

Neuromodulator

A chemical messenger that modifies the strength of synaptic transmission without directly causing EPSPs or IPSPs.

Serial processing

Neural processing where input travels along one pathway to a specific destination.

Diverging circuit

A type of circuit with one input that spreads out to many outputs.

Converging circuit

A neural circuit with many inputs leading to one output.

Reverberating circuit

A circuit where signals circulate through a chain of connected neurons, controlling rhythmic activities.

Parallel processing

Neural processing where the same signal travels along multiple pathways simultaneously.

Facilitated zone

Area in a neuronal pool where neurons are less likely to fire unless additionally stimulated.

Discharge zone

Area in a neuronal pool where neurons are more likely to generate an impulse.

Action potential propagation

The process by which an electrical signal is transmitted along a neuron.

Tetrodotoxin

A toxin that binds to voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing action potential propagation.

Sarin

A nerve agent that inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, causing excess ACh.

Endocannabinoids

A type of unconventional neurotransmitter that acts on the same receptors as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).