Chapter 6: Primary Prevention & Positive Psychology

What is health behaviour?

a health- enhancing behavior or habit

What is health habit?

an automatic health behaviour that has become a firmly established part of everyday life

What is the health belief model (HBM)?

a nonstage theory that identifies four factors that influence decision making regarding health behaviour :

-nperceived susceptibility to a health threat

- perceived severity of the disease or condition

- perceived benefits of and barriers to the behaviour

- and cues to action

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

a theory that predicts health behaviours on the basis of three factors:

- personal attitude toward the behaviour

- the subjective norm regarding the behaviour

- precieved degree of control over the behaviour

What are behavioural intention?

the rational decision to engage in a health- related behaviour or to refrain from engaging in the behaviour

What is subjective norms?

an individuals interpretation of the views of other people regarding a particular health- related behaviour

What is the transtheoretical model (TTM)

A stage theory that contends that people pass through five stages in altering health-related behaviour: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance

What is primary prevention?

health- enhancing efforts to prevent disease or injury from occuring

What is secondary prevention?

Action taken to identify and treat an illness or disability early in its course

What is tertiary prevention?

actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages

What is gain-framed message?

A health message that focuses on attaining positive outcomes or avoiding undesirable ones by adopting a health- promoting behaviour

What is loss-framed message?

A health message that focuses on negative outcomes from failing to perform a health-promoting behaviour

What is cognitive- behaviour interventions?

Health interventions that focus on the conditions that elicit health behaviours and the factors that help to maintain and reinforce them

What is self-monitoring?

people keeping track of their own target behaviour that is to be modified, including the stimuli associated with it an the consequences that follow it

What is discriminative stimuli?

Environmental signals that certain behaviours will be followed by reinforcement

What is stimulus- control intervention?

A behavioural intervention aimed at modifying the environmental discriminative stimuli that control a target behaviour by signaling its reinforcement

What is relapse prevention?

training in coping skills and other techniques intended to help people resist falling back into old health habits following a successful behavioral intervention

What is contingency contract?

A formal agreement between a person attempting to change a health behaviour and another individual, such as a therapist, regarding the consequences of target behaviours

What is positive psychology?

the study of optimal human functioning and the healthy interplay between people and their environments

What is thriving?

a paradoxical outcome in which adversity somehow leads people to greater psychological and/or physical well-being

What is agency?

The feeling of control over actions and their consequences

What is allostatic overload?

the consequences of long-term elevations of stress-related catabolic hormones, including hypertension, wasted muscles, ulcers, fatigue, and increased risk of chronic disease

What is biological embedding?

the processes by which the structure and functioning of the brain are shaped by feedback from neuroendocrine systems as they are engaged as part of the body's effort to maintain homeostasis

What is social integration?

The number of socials roles a person participates in