ART 176 Final Exam Images (+ Some Vocab)

Jean-Honoré Fragonard

The Swing

18th century

Oil on canvas

France

ROCOCO

**The Swing is all about fun, flirtation, and fancy people doing silly stuff in pretty gardens. It's like the ultimate Rococo mood — light-hearted, secret romance, and too many ruffles.

Joshua Reynolds

Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces

18th century

Oil on canvas

England

GRAND MANNER/NEOCLASSICAL

**This painting makes a fancy lady look like a mythical goddess doing an ancient ritual. It's The Grand Manner style — making people look super important and timeless. It also has a Neoclassical vibe with calm, classy energy.

Benjamin West

The Death of General Wolfe

Oil on canvas

18th century

USA

HISTORY/GRAND MANNER

**This painting shows a real-life war hero dying like he's a glorious saint — super serious, dramatic, and meant to inspire. It's a history painting in Grand Manner style, even though he's wearing regular clothes instead of a toga.

Jacques-Louis David

Oath of the Horatii

18th century

Oil on canvas

France

NEOCLASSICAL/HISTORY/GRAND MANNER

**This painting shows Roman bros doing a loyalty pledge before a fight, while the women cry in the corner. It's super serious, clean, and moral — classic Neoclassical, history painting, and totally Grand Manner because of the grand display of purpose and heroism.

Théodore Géricault

The Raft of the Medusa

19th century

Oil on canvas

France

ROMANTICISM/AVANT GARDE/HISTORY

**This painting shows a bunch of shipwreck survivors in total chaos — some dying, some hoping to be rescued. It's emotional, messy, and full of feeling. That's Romanticism, with a dash of history painting and avant garde courage.

Thomas Cole

The Oxbow

19th century

Oil on canvas

USA

ROMANTICISM

**This is a painting of a big bend in a river, showing wild nature vs. tamed land. It makes you feel small and thoughtful — Romanticism loves that. Nature's beauty + deep vibes = Romantic landscape art.

Gustave Eiffel

Eiffel Tower

19th century

Steel

France

AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**The Eiffel Tower is a giant steel structure that looked super weird and futuristic in the 1800s. People hated it at first, but now it's an icon. It was avant garde, high-tech, and helped kick off the modern era.

Julia Margaret Cameron

Portrait of Thomas Carlyle

Silver print

19th century

England

REALISM

**This photo is a real and emotional capture of a famous person, no fluff or fakery. Cameron used photography to make art, not just pictures. It's Realism with a touch of avant garde for its time.

Jean-François Millet

The Gleaners

19th century

Oil on canvas

France

REALISM

**This painting shows real, hard-working women picking up leftover grain. It's Realism because it shows life exactly as it is, without any sugar-coating. It's all about the truth of daily life.

Édouard Manet

Luncheon on the Grass

19th century

Oil on canvas

France

AVANT GARDE/REALISM

**This painting was a huge shock because it shows a woman casually naked at a picnic, which was very daring. It's avant-garde for being modern and bold. It also has a bit of Realism in that it's about real, ordinary life, not some romanticized scene.

Thomas Eakins

The Gross Clinic

19th century

Oil on canvas

USA

REALISM/AVANT GARDE

**This painting shows a real, bloody surgery happening, with a doctor at the center. It's not soft or pretty — it's Realism at its most honest, showing the truth without sugarcoating it. It's also avant-garde for its time, because it's so raw and not like other art people were used to.

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Nocturne in Black and Gold:

The Falling Rocket

1870s

Oil on panel

England

IMPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**The Falling Rocket is all about capturing the feeling of fireworks in the night sky, with lots of color and a dreamy, blurred effect. It's Impressionist in how it plays with light and atmosphere, and avant-garde because it ignores clear detail and just focuses on mood.

Claude Monet

Impression: Sunrise

19th century

Oil on canvas

France

IMPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE

**Impression: Sunrise is all about capturing a moment with light and color. It's Impressionist because it doesn't focus on detail but instead on the mood of the scene. People hated it at first, but it's what made Impressionism famous — and avant-garde for its time.

Mary Cassatt

Mother and Child

1890s

Oil on canvas

France

IMPRESSIONISM/REALISM

**This painting shows a real, loving moment between a mother and her child, and it's all about the feelings in the scene, not just the details. It's Impressionist in how it uses light and brushstrokes, but also shows a real-life connection between people.

George Seurat

A Sunday Afternoon on the Grand Jatte

19th century

Oil on canvas

France

POST-IMPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE

**Seurat painted a day at the park with tiny dots of color to create a picture that feels like it's full of light. It's Post-Impressionist because it's about exploring color and form in new ways, and avant-garde because the dot technique was totally new.

Edvard Munch

The Scream

1890s

Oil and tempera on canvas

Norway

SYMBOLISM/AVANT GARDE

**This painting shows a person feeling scared and overwhelmed by the world around them, with a crazy sky and wavy colors. It's Symbolism because it's about big emotions, not just reality. It's also avant-garde because it was new and experimental for its time.

Auguste Rodin

The Burghers of Calais

1880s

Bronze

France

REALISM/AVANT GARDE

**This sculpture shows real people with real emotions, about to make a tough sacrifice. It's Realism because it shows their true feelings, and avant-garde for breaking the traditional rules of sculpture to make something more human and raw.

Paul Cézanne

Mont Sainte-Victoire

1880s

Oil on canvas

France

POST-IMPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE

**This painting of a mountain is Post-Impressionist because Cézanne is breaking things down into shapes and making the scene feel more structured. It's avant-garde because he's trying new ways of seeing the world, which helped pave the way for Cubism.

Pablo Picasso

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

1900s

Oil on canvas

Spain

CUBISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**This painting shows figures in broken-up shapes to show different angles all at once. It's Cubism because of that unique style, and avant-garde because it was totally new and challenging to what people were used to. It's also a huge step into Modern Art, where artists start to break all the old rules.

Vassily Kandinsky

Improvisation 28 (Second Version)

1910s

Oil on canvas

Russia

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**Improvisation 28 is all about abstract shapes and colors that don't represent anything specific but express emotions. It's avant-garde because it was new and experimental, and it's a key piece of Modern Art, where artists began to explore feelings and ideas through abstract art.

Umberto Boccioni

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Bronze

1910s

Italy

FUTURISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**This sculpture shows movement and energy in a way that hadn't been done before. It's Futurist because it celebrates speed and modern life, and it's avant-garde because it breaks old rules and shows dynamic motion in a whole new way.

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain

1910s

Porcelain plumbing fixture and enamel paint

France

DADAISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**Fountain is a urinal that Duchamp turned into art just by saying it is. It's Dadaism because it's meant to be absurd and anti-art, and avant-garde because it makes us think about what art really is. It's a huge part of Modern Art because it challenges the old rules and pushes creativity in new directions.

Hannah Höch

Cut with the Dada Kitchen

Knife Through the Last

Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural

Epoch in Germany

1910s

Photomontage and collage

Germany

DADAISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**This piece is a crazy collage of cut-out photos and text that mocks society and politics in a chaotic, nonsensical way. It's Dadaism because it rejects traditional art and laughs at the cultural norms of the time. It's also avant-garde and Modern Art because it shows us how art can be disruptive and experimental, not just pretty or realistic.

Le Corbusier

Villa Savoye

1920s

Steel-reinforced concrete, glass

France

MODERN/AVANT GARDE/INTERNATIONAL STYLE

**Villa Savoye is a modern house with clean, simple lines made from steel and glass, designed to be functional and stylish at the same time. It's avant-garde because it breaks all the old rules of how a house should look, and it's Modern Architecture because it shows us a new way of designing useful and beautiful spaces.

Piet Mondrian

Composition with Yellow, Red, and Blue

1920s

Oil on canvas

Netherlands

DE STIJL/MODERN/AVANT GARDE

**This painting is all about simple shapes and primary colors like red, yellow, and blue, put together in a very organized way. It's part of the De Stijl movement, which focused on order and balance, and it's avant-garde because it's totally abstract — there's no subject, just pure design.

Joan Miró

Composition

1930s

Oil on canvas

Spain

SURREALISM/MODERN/AVANT GARDE

**Composition by Miró is Surrealist because it looks like something out of a dream, with weird, abstract shapes that don't really represent anything real. It's Modern Art because it's all about new ways of expressing feelings and ideas, and it's avant-garde because it broke the rules of traditional painting.

Pablo Picasso

Guernica

1937

Oil on canvas

Spain

MODERN/SURREALISM/AVANT GARDE/CUBISM

**Guernica is a huge painting about the destruction and pain of war. It's Modern Art because it's not realistic, but instead uses abstract shapes and distorted figures to show emotions. It also has a Surrealist feeling because of how weird and nightmarish it is. The painting is avant-garde because it doesn't show war in the usual way — it makes you feel the chaos and suffering. It also uses Cubism techniques, like breaking things up into shapes.

Frida Kahlo

The Two Fridas

1930s

Oil on canvas

Mexico

MODERN/SURREALISM/AVANT GARDE

**The Two Fridas shows two versions of Frida holding hands, but with different hearts. It's Modern Art because it's about Frida's personal emotions and identity, and it's avant-garde because she's using symbolism and bold imagery to tell a story in a new way. It also has some Surrealist vibes because of its dreamy, symbolic feel, though Frida didn't think of herself as a Surrealist.

Jackson Pollock

Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)

Oil on canvas

1950s

USA

ABSTRACT IMPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**Autumn Rhythm is an abstract painting where Jackson Pollock dripped and splattered paint all over the canvas, creating a chaotic, energetic scene. It's Abstract Expressionism because it's all about expressing emotion and movement. It's avant-garde because Pollock was doing something totally new and experimental with his drip technique. It's part of Modern Art because it's not trying to represent anything real — just a raw expression of feeling.

Mark Rothko

Untitled

1940s

Oil on canvas

USA

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM/AVANT GARDE/MODERN

**Untitled by Rothko is a painting made with big blocks of color that are meant to make you feel something — not show something real. It's Abstract Expressionism because it's all about emotions and feeling through color. It's avant-garde because it's a totally new way of thinking about what art can be. It's part of Modern Art because it's focused on abstract shapes and expressing deep feelings rather than depicting the real world.