Med Term Chapter 14: Reproductive System

cervic/o

cervix (neck of uterus)

colp/o

vagina

-gravida

pregnant

gynec/o

woman, female

hyster/o

uterus

mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation, menses

orchid/o

testicles

ov/o

egg, ovum

ovari/o

ovary

-para

to give birth

-pexy

surgical fixation

salping/o

fallopian tube

test/i

testicle, testis

vagin/o

vagina

abruptio placentae

a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

amenorrhea

an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

amniocentesis

surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders

andropause

marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone; the gradual hormonal change usually begins when a man is in his 40s, and can cause low energy, depression, a reduction in muscle mass, and difficulty sleeping or concentrating

Apgar score

“a scale of 1 to 10 to evaluate a newborn infant’s physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.”

azoospermia

the absence of sperm in the semen

cervical dysplasia

the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix

chlamydia

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

chorionic villus sampling

examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy

colostrum

specialized form of breast milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies that the newborn can digest; produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and during the first few days after giving birth

colporrhaphy

surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina

colposcopy

direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva

dysmenorrhea

pain caused by uterine contractions during a menstrual period

eclampsia

a serious condition characterized by seizures and coma that can develop during or after pregnancy from uncontrolled preeclampsia

ectopic pregnancy

a dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus

endometriosis

a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

episiotomy

a surgical incision made into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal

fibroadenoma

a round, rubbery, firm mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast

galactorrhea

the production of breast milk in women who are not breast feeding

gonorrhea

a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

hematospermia

the presence of blood In the semen

hydrocele

a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

hypomenorrhea

an unusually small amount of menstrual fluid during a shortened menstrual period

hysterectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

hysterosalpingography

an x-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes

hysteroscopy

the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

lactation

the process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant

leukorrhea

a whitish mucous discharge from the uterus and vagina

mastalgia

pain in the breast

mastopexy

elective surgery to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position

menstruation

the beginning of menstruation

menometrorrhagia

excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals

neonate

the newborn infant is known as a neonate during the first 4 weeks after birth

nullipara

a woman who has never borne a viable child

obstetrician

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

oligomenorrhea

“irregular or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods.”

oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

orchiectomy

surgical removal of one or both testicles

orchiopexy

the repair of cryptorchidism, which is an undescended testicle

pelvic inflammatory disease

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy

perimenopause

the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

Peyronie’s disease

a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection

placenta previa

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

polycystic ovary syndrome

a condition characterized by an imbalance of reproductive hormones

postpartum

after childbirth

preeclampsia

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

priaprism

a painful erection that lasts four hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement

primigravida

a woman during her first pregnancy

primipara

a woman who has borne one viable child

pruritus vulvae

this has no definition in the book 😕 but the online definition is “a common condition that causes itching of the vulva or external female genitalia”

salpingo-oophorectomy

surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

syphilis

a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

trichomoniasis

a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

uterine prolapse

“a condition in which the weakening of pelvic muscles and supportive tissues allows the uterus to slide from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sag into the vagina.”

vaginismus

an involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles that close off the vagina

variocele

a knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

vasovasostomy

a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male

vulvodynia

a painful syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, dyspareunia, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva