Chapter 10: Classification of Microorganisms

Rapid identification methods

________ are manufactured for groups of medically important bacteria, such as the enterics.

Cladograms

________ are maps that show evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Serology

________ is the science that studies serum and immune responses that are evident in serum.

Taxonomists

________ can use an organisms DNA base composition to draw conclusions about relatedness.

cytometry

Flow ________ can be used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria.

endosymbiotic theory

According to the ________, eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living inside one another, as endosymbionts.

pure culture

A(n) ________ is often a clone, a population of cells derived from a single parent cell.

Strains

________ with different antigens are called serotypes, serovars, or biovars.

prokaryotic species

A(n) ________ is defined simply as a population of cells with similar characteristics.

International Committee

The ________ on Taxonomy of Viruses defines a viral species as a population of viruses with similar characteristics (including morphology, genes, and enzymes) that occupies a particular ecological niche.

nucleotide sequences

A molecular clock for evolution is based on ________ in the genomes of organisms.

Serological testing

________ can differentiate not only among microbial species, but also among strains within species.

Nucleic acid amplification tests

________ (NAATs) can be used to increase the amount of microbial DNA to levels that can be tested by gel electrophoresis.

Domain Archaea

The ________ includes prokaryotes that do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Transport media

________ are usually not nutritive and are designed to prolong viability of fastidious pathogens.

Phage typing

________ is a test for determining to which phages a bacterium is susceptible.

eukaryotic species

A(n) ________ is a group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves.

kingdom of multicellular organisms

The ________ called Animalia (animals) includes sponges, various worms, insects, and ani- mals with backbones (vertebrates)

organism

Every ________ is assigned two names, or a binomial.

phylogenetic tree

In a(n) ________, grouping organisms according to common properties implies that a group of organisms evolved from a common ancestor; each species retains some of the characteristics of the ancestor.

Domain Bacteria

The ________ includes all of the pathogenic prokaryotes as well as many of the nonpathogenic prokaryotes found in soil and water.

Strains

________ are identified by numbers, letters, or names that follow the specific epithet.