torso test 3

cervical region

• 7 vertebrae

• forms anterior curvature

thoracic region

• 12 vertebrae

• forms posterior curvature

kypnosis

exaggerated thoracic curve

lumbar region

• 5 vertebrae

• forms anterior curvature

lordosis

exaggerated lumbar curve

sacrum

• 1 bone

• fused 5 vertebrae

• forms posterior curvature

coccyx

• 1 bone

• fused 3-5 vertebrae

• forms posterior curvature w sacrum

scoliosis

exaggerated lateral curve of vertebral column

vertebral structure

1. body

2. spinous process

3. vertebral foramen

4. transverse process

5. pedicle

6. lamina

body

most anterior region of vertebrae

spinous process

most posterior region of vertebrae

vertebral foramen

hole posterior to body or anterior to spinous process

• spinal cord located here

transverse process

most lateral region of vertebrae

pedicle

connects the body and transverse process

lamina

connects the transverse and spinous process

pedicle and lamina form

vertebral arch

cervicle vertebrae only

• vertebral foramen: 1 hole

• transverse foramen: 2 holes

vertebral artery and vein pass thru TF

cervicle vertebrae

• 7 bones

• supports head

atlas

• c1

• no body or spinous process

• articulates w occipital condyles of occipital bone

axis

• c2

• has structure called “dens”

dens

anterior protrusion that comes off the body

thoracic vertebrae

• 12 vertebrae

• supports ribs

rib 6

• body of sternum = anterior attach

• body of t5 and t6 & transverse process of t6 = posterior attach

rib 12

• no anterior attach

• body of t11 and t12 & transverse process of t12 = posterior attach

lumbar vertebrae

• 5 vertebrae

• supports upper body

L5

articulates w the sacral promontory

apex of sacrum

• most inferior region

• articulates w coccyx

base of sacrum

• most superior region

sacral promontory - base of sacrum

in middle of bone

• articulates w body of L5

ala - base of sacrum

lateral aspect of bone

transverse lines

• lines that run transverse or horizontally bw the saccral foramina

• anterior on sacrum

median sacral crest

• midline of sacrum

• posterior

sacral canal

• covered up by the medial sacral crest

• posterior

sacral hiatus

• interior opening of sacral canal

• posterior

sacral foramina

• holes directly lateral to medial sacral crest

• posterior and anterior

lateral sacral crest

• lateral to sacral foramina

• posterior

coccyx

• tail bone

• articulates w apex of sacrum

rectus abdominus- anterior torso muscles

• superficial anterior abdominal muscle

• covered by rectus sheath (connective tissue)

rectus abdominus origin, insertion, action

• origin= pubis area

• insertion= ribs 5-7

• action= flexes vertebral column

tendinous intersections

• horizontal or transverse connective tissue that segments the rectus abdominis

linea alba

• where the 3 rectus sheaths combine to form verticle line

lateral abdominal muscle

• external oblique: superficial

• internal oblique: intermediate

• transverse abdominis: deep

external oblique

• anterior to rectus abdominis

internal oblique

• anterior and posterior to rectus abdominis

transversus abdominis

• posterior to rectus abdominis

rectus abdominis

• aponeurosis

pectoralis major

• superficial anterior thoracic muscle

• chest

deltoid

• shoulder muscle

deltoid origin, insertion, action

• origin: acromian process and scapular spine

• insertion: deltoid tuberosity

• action: abduction of the arm

latissimus dorsi

• superficial lower back muscle

latissimus dorsi origin, insertion, action

• origin: lower thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae

• insertion: intertubercular sulcus of hummerus

• action: adduction of arm

trapezius

• upper back muscle

deep to trapezius

• rhomboid minor

• rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

• superior to rhomboid major

rhomboid major

• inferior to rhomboid minor