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Difficult & hard to remember terms only
Agent
The subject is the ____ of the verb.
The ____y of a poem is the subject of each predicate.
Antecedent
The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun
Connotation
associations suggested by a word; implied meaning
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word
Metonymy
replacing an actual word or idea with a related word or concept
ex: “bow to the crown” in which “crown” refers to the “queen / king”
Synecdoche (a type of metonymy)
a whole is represented by one of its parts
ex: “nice wheels” in which “wheels” represents the “car”
Meter
a regular pattern of syllables in lines of poetry
ex: iambic pentameter (10 beats per line, unstressed & stressed alternate)
Stressed and unstressed syllables
in every word of more than one syllable, one of the syllables is stressed or said with more force than the other syllable(s)
ex: unHAPpiness, NAthan
Mood
the atmosphere or feeling created by the text and accomplished through word choice; affected by syntax, setting, tone, and events
End Rhyme
when the last word of two different lines rhyme
Internal Rhyme
when a line of poetry contains a rhyme
“to the rhyming and the chiming of the bells”
Rhyme Scheme
a b a b c d c d - pattern of a poem’s end rhymes
slant rhyme
emily dickinson
two words do not rhyme exactly
“moon” and “on”
aliteration
the same consonant sound at the beginning of words
anaphora
repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the start of two or more sentence or clauses in a row
assonance
repetition of identical / similar vowels
consonance
the repetition of the same final consonant sound at the end or within words
“thick lick sick quick”
rhytym
the beat / pace of a poem
created by meter, line breaks, repetition, etc
caesura
the pauses and breaks within a line of poetry
end stopped
a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit (sentence, clause, or phrase)
enjambment
the continuation of a sentence or clause across a line break
free verse / open form
no consistent meter or rhyme
do not conform to patterns
closed / fixed form
follows a pattern
seen in Shakespeare
lyric poetry
short poem with songlike qualities that expresses the speaker’s personal emotions and feelings
pacing
the speed or tempo of an author’s writing
tone
a writer’s attitude towards their subject matter
revealed through diction, fig. language, and organization
litote
type of understatement
denying the opposite of the statement
“you’re not wrong” instead of “you’re right”
Note
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