Heritage Baylor Dodson Exam Final

Modernity

Omnicompetence of reason (and scientific method)

Uniformity of nature rather then supernatural control and interventions

Optimism of human progress through education reason and science

19th century social political and scientific developments

capitalism/socialism

industrial revolution; slavery

Darwinism

19th century Evangelicalism

(British and American)

Evangelicals influenced by revivalism

19th century Evangelicalism

(British and American)

Individual faith

Necessity of salvation through faith and personal conversion

Holy life through holy spirit(mediated by prayer and bible study)

19th century Evangelicalism

(British and American)

Public faith

Abolitionist movement

Prohibition Movement

Prison and labor reforms

Establishment of missionary societies and bible societies

Protestant Liberalism

Liberalism: Accommodation of modernity; sought to translate the message of Christianity to a way in which modernity could accept

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Father of Protestant Liberalism

Schleiermacher - essence of religon

not in reason or moral law but in the feeling/intuition (Gefuhl) of being utterly dependent on something infinite; God-conciousness

Schleiemacher - Christology

Christ is Divine in the sense that he experienced this God-consciousness in a complete and powerful way which he communicated to his disciples and the church

Schleiermacher - Scripture

record of this religious experience of absolute dependence

Schleiermacher - Theology

Talk about God is always talk about human experience of God

Adolf Von Harnack - What is Christianity

God the father and brotherhood of humanity (the infinite value of the Human soul)

Take away all the supernatural Stuff of the gospels, left with the truths

Adolf Von Harnack - What is Christianity: Kingdom of God

the Rule of God in each Believers heart

Adolf Von Harnack - What is Christianity: Centrality of Love

Jesus Taught the higher rightousness of love

Walter Rauschenbusch - Social Gospel

Theology not about dogma, but social ethics

sin in social structures

salvation in terms of social salvation, the kingdom of God as social reality

"It is not a matter of saving human atom but of saving the social organism. It is not a matter of getting individuals to heaven, but of transforming the life on earth into the harmony of heaven."

Walter Rauschenbusch

Liberal Theology summarized:

Immanence of God

Moralization of Dogma

universal salvation of Humanity

First Vatican Council

Catholic reaction to modernity - fortress/bunker rejection of modernity

First Vatican Council

Ultramontanism

Rome alone as the right to determine matters of doctrine, morals, and culture

Pope Pius IX's syllabus of errors

80 propositions that Catholics must reject: rationalism, communism, liberalism, freedom of worship, national churches without papal authority, recognition of religions other than Catholicism, democracy, marriage as a civil institution, and secular schools provided by the state

First Vatican council

Infallibility of Pope (ex cathedra)

Fundamentalism

rejection of modernity and liberalism

Five fundamentals of fundamentalism

inerrancy of scripture

deity of Christ

Virgin birth of Christ

Penal substitution atonement

Literal Bodily resurrection and second coming of Christ

Fundamentalist attitude/mindset

militant

seperatist

Pentecostalism: origin

Originated with Azuza Street revival (Los Angeles): Led by African-American preacher William Seymour

Primary characteristics of Pentecostalism

"Second baptism" of the "Holy Ghost"

Acts 2:1-4

Manifestations of the Holy Ghost (anointings) Pentecostalism

speaking in tongues

healing

snake handling

"holy" dancing

'Holy" Howling

"Holy" laughter (drunk in the spirit)

other characteristics of Pentecostalism

dynamic preaching

inter racial

Denominational heritage of pentecostalism

Assemblies of God

Church of God (Cleveland, TN)

Neo-Orthodoxy

reaction against liberalism and nationalism

Neo-orthodoxy characteristics

The "other-ness" of God- God must reveal self

Critique of marriage between culture/nationalism and church (The confessing church)

Ecumenism: Ecumenical movement

Started as a protestant movement seeking the unity of all Christians above theology, ritual, and policy

Ecumenism: Origin

Originated with the Edinburgh Missionary conference in 1910 though earlier movements paved the way:

revivalism of the 18th and 19th centuries

missionary enterprise of the 19th century

Existence and support of Bible societies

student Christian Movement

World council of churches

Second Vatican Council

Called by Pope John XXIII

relation to modernity- Engagement:

World church

Medicine Mercy: Ministry of encouragement and hope to a hurt and lost (modern) world

Decisions of Vatican II

ecumenical spirit recognition of other Christians as brothers in Christ in relation to other religions

Mass in language of the people

More involvement by the laity

Renewed attention to the plight of the poor

Affirmation of the supremacy of scripture in its teaching and authority

Absolutist/Exclusivist Approach

other religions are completely false and devoid of any value or redemption. Christianity is the one and only truth

Common denominator/Universalist approach

At their basics all religions share common principles and beliefs concerning God (omnipotent and omniscient) and/or ethics (love and justice)

Superior/inclusivist Approach

Other religions contains some truth or provide a partial witness to truth and so they can be appreciated and their value recognized But Christianity possesses the full or complete revalation of truth

faithful Witness/Dialogue

in both word and deed Christians faithfully live out the ways of Christ giving witness to the trans-formative faith of Christ. Christians do not judge (God's responsibility) their "Neighbors" (persons of other religions): they live out their faith in relation to their neighbor

Latin/South American Theology:

Background

Second conference of Latin American bishops(1968)

influenced by Marxist social analysis

Violent? some support revolutionary causes; others pacifist

Latin/South American Theology:

basic ideas

God-God takes sides, God is decidedly on the side of the poor, oppressed, and those who suffer

sin- Oppression from the unjust Government, society, and/or economic system

salvation-Liberation from oppression

Ecclesiology-Church as God's People must side with and actively work on behalf of the oppressed. "base communities"

Black Theology: Background

seed-bed of Black theology in civil Rights movement

Martin Luther King Jr.

James cone, A black Theology of Liberation

Black Theology: Basic Ideas

God-God is black

Sin-racism

salvation-Liberation from Racism-for both blacks and whites

Ecclesiology-We must become black with God

Feminist Theology: Background

Forerunner-Elizabeth Cady Stanton; suffrage movement

Post-Vatician II female, catholic scholars

Womanist Theology- perspective of Black women

Feminist Theology: Basic Ideas

God- God is female; or emphasizes the feminine of God

Sin-Patriarchy

Salvation-Liberation from Patriarchy; full humanity of women

Ecclesiology-discipleship of equals; "church in the round"

Liberation Theology: Characteristics

Contextual(not Universal)-theology must be contextualized anew in each and every social-cultural situation

Experience- oppression; "theology from below"

Orthopraxis(Not Orthodoxy)-theology is concrete, committed reflection on praxis (action) in light of God's word. Praxis is always "liberating activity" or "justice making"

Recognizes the power of Language

Normative or Corrective

Christianity in the 21st century:

Shifting center of Christianity

Western Europe and North America- steady, Declining

Eastern Hemisphere-

Russia-increasing

South Korea-Increasing

China-increasing

Southern Hemisphere:

Latin and South American- increasing

India-Increasing

Africa-Increasing

Southern Hemisphere- A "Third Church"

spiritualism

morally conservative

Geo-Political dimension:

Declining nation-state autonomy: religion will fill vacuum

Extremist/Militant: Lumpa Church (Zambia)

Lords resistance Army (Uganda)

Holy Spirit Mobile Force (Uganda)

Spread of Early Christianity

Existential conviction that God had acted in Christ

Expression of love and comparison, both within and without

Martyrdom

offering of personal fulfillment: relation with the sacred

Pax Romana(Hospitatlity)

Constantinian Christianity

Arian Missions- appealing because not connected with Roman Empire

Nestorian Christianity (east)

Frankish King, Clovis (Christian Wife, Clotilde)

Pope Gregory the Great

Catholic missions

Policy- Adaptation or conquest

Americas-Why conquest; exception Bartholomew de las Casas

India and japan-Francis Xavier

China- Mattew Ricci

Modern Missionary Movement: characteristics

Protestant

Father of modern Missions- William Carey

Two emphases/impetuses:

Evangelical and revival traditions

Eschatological-World-wide proclamation of the Gospel would prepare/initiate Christ's coming and reign on earth

Modern Missionary Movements: activities

Mission societies and sending agencies

Involved lay people; particularly Women(Lottie Moon)

Science and religon: Conflict Model

Science and religion are in fundamental opposition in irreconcilable conflict. Ex: scientific materialism; Biblical literalism

Science and religion: Independence Model("NOMA"-nonoverlapping Magisteria)

Science and religion ask different kinds of questions, have different 'languages" Operate within separate compartments

Science and Religion: Fusion Model (opposite of independence

model)

Blurs the distinction between scientific and religious types of knowledge or attempts to utilize science in order to construct religious systems of thought or vice versa

Science and Religion: Complentary Model

Science and religion address the same reality from different perspectives; each is needed to account for all reality

Liberation Theology-  Latin American- Begin with

Catholic Bishops

Background- feminist theology- womanist theology

black women theology