Anatomy Exam 1

Superficial Back

Trapezius, levator scapula, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids

elevation, retraction, inferior angle of scap rotation

action Levator scapula, Rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major

Accessory nerve

Trapezius innervation

UE adduction, extension, and medial rotation

action Latissimus Dorsi

Trapezius attachment

occipital protuberance, cervical and thoracic spinous process, spine of scap, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle

levator scapula attachment

Transveres process of C1-4, superior angle of Scap

Dorsal scapular n.

innervates levator scapula, rhomboid minor/major, Latissimus Dorsi

rhomboid minor attachment

spinous process of C6-C7, medial boarder of scapula above the spine

rhomboid major attachment

spinous process of T1-T4, medial boarder of scapula below the spine

latissimus dorsi attachment

Spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, scapula, ribs 9-12, iliac crest

Intermediate Extrinsic Back

Serratus posterior superior, Serratus posterior inferior

Segmental, anterior rami of spinal nn.

innervates SPS, SPI

Deep Intrinsic (Superficial) Back

Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis

Dorsal Rami of Spinal

innervates Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis

extension, lateral rotation

Action Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis

Splenius Capitis attachment

Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T3, mastoid procces, occipital

Splenius cervicis attachment

Spinous process T3-T6, transverse process C1-C2

Deep intrinsic (intermediate ) Back

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Extend spinal column, lateral flexion

action Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Iliocostalis attachment

iliac crest to angles of the ribs

longissimus attachment

extends transverse process to transverse process

Spinalis attachment

extends spinous process to spinous process

Deep Intrinsic (Deep) Back

Semispinalis Capitis/cervicis/thoracis, multifidus

Dorsal Primary Rami n.

innervates Semispinalis Capitis/cervicis/thoracis, multifidus

Extend and rotate spinal column

action Semispinalis Capitis/cervicis/thoracis, multifidus

lateral flexion

additional action of multifidus (Extend and rotate spinal column+ ?)

Semispinalis capitis attachment

Transverse process C4-C7, superior and inferior nuchal line

Semispinalis cervicis attachment

Spinous process C2-C5, transverse process T1-T6

Semispinalis thoracic attachment

Spinous process C2-C5, transverse process T1-T6

multifidus

transverse process and spinous process and laminae of all spinal column

Anteriolateral Abdominal Wall

rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis

Intercostal/subcostal nn.

innervates rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis

Stabilization, posture, flexion, lateral flexion, torsion

action rectus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, transverse abdominis

rectus abdominis attachment

costal cartilage, sternum, ribs 5-8, pubic crest, pubic symphysis

internal oblique attachment

costal cartilage, thoracolumbar fascia, pubic crest, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, linea alba

External oblique attachment

Ribs 5-12, linea alba, iliac crest, pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis

transverse abdominis attachment

Thoracolumbar fascia, linea alba, iliac crest, pubic crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage

Gluteal muscles

Gluteus Maximus
Piriformis
Obturator internus
superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Quadrate femoris
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fasciae latae

inferior Gluteal (L5, S1, S2)

innervates gluteus maximus

Branch of ventral rami (S1, S2)

innervates piriformis

N. to obturator internus (L5, S1)

innervates Obturator internus, superior gemellus

N. to quadrate femoris (L5, S1)

innervates Inferior gemellus, Quadrate femoris

superior gluteal (L5, S1)

innervates Gluteus Medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fasciae latae

Stongest Extensor and Lateraly rotate the hip

action gluteus maximus

Lateraly rotates hip in Extension, abducts hip in flexion

action Piriformis
Obturator internus
superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus

Lateral hip rotation

action quadrate femoris

abduction, medial rotation

action Gluteus Medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fasciae latae

Gluteus maximus attachment

posterior gluteal line of the ilium, sacrum, IT Band, gluteal tuberosity

Piriformis attachment

Anterior sacrum, superior greater trochanter

Obturator internus attachment

obturator membrane, superior greater trochanter

superior gemellus attachment

ischial spine, medial greater trochanter

Inferior gemellus attachment

ischial tuberosity, medial greater trochanter

Quadrate femoris attachment

lateral ischial tuberosity, quadrate tubercle

Gluteus medius attachment

lateral Ilium, lateral greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus attachment

lower ilium, anterior greater trochanter

Tensor fasciae latae attachment

anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, IT band (lateral condyle of tibia)

Posterior thigh

Biceps femoris (short head)
Biceps Femoris(Long head)
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis

Common Fibular division of sciatic (L5, S1, S2)

innervates biceps femoris short head

Tibial division of Sciatic (L5, S1, S2)

innervates Biceps Femoris(Long head)
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
adductor magnus (hamstring)

Flex knee, laterally rotate knee when flexed

action biceps femoris short and long head

Extend hip, flex knee, medially rotate knee when flexed

action semitendinosis, semimembranosis

biceps femoris short head attachment

linea aspera & supracondylar line of femur, lateral head of fibula

Biceps femoris long head attachment

Ischial tuberosity, lateral head of the fibula

Semitendinosis attachment

ishial tuberosity, pes anserinus on medial tibia

Semimembranosis attachment

ischial tuberosity, proximal tibia

medial thigh

obturator externus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis

posterior branch of obturator n. (L3, L4)

innervates obturator externus, adductor magnus (adductor)

anterior branch of obturator n. (L2-L3)

innervates adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis

laterally rotates thigh

action obturator externus

adduct and flex hip

action adductor magnus (adductor)

adducts and extends hip

action adductor magnus (hamstring)

adducts and laterally rotates the hip

Action adductor brevis and longus

adduct and flex hip

action gracilis

obturator externus attachment

obturator goramen, obturator membrane, trochanteric fossa

adductor magnus-adductor attachment

inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

adductor magnus-hamstring attachment

ischial tuberosity, adductor tubercle of femur

adductor brevis attachment

inferior ramus of pubis, pectineal line, and proximal linea aspera

adductor longus attachment

body of pubis inferior to pubic crest, middle 1/3 of linea aspera

gracilis attachment

inferior ramus of pubis, superior medial tibia

Anterior thigh

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

Femoral n.(L2-L3)

innervates Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

flex hip

action pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius

knee extension

action rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis

pectineus attachment

pectineal line on ramus of pubis, pectineal line of femur

iliopsoas attachment

lesser trochanter of the femur, iliacus, L1-L5

sartorius attachment

Anterior inferior iliac spine, superior medial tibia

rectus femoris attachment

anterior inferior iliac spine, tibial tuberosity

vastus medialis attachment

intertrochanteric line of linea aspera, intermuscular septum, tibual tuberosity

vastus intermedius attachment

anterior and lateral surface of femur, tibial tuberosity

vastus lateralis attachment

greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, tibial tuberosity

anterior leg

fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior

deep fibular n. (L5-S1)

innervates fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion

action fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior

Tibialis anterior attachment

lateral tibial condyle, interosseus membrane, medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

extensor digitorum longus attachment

lateral tibial condyle, interosseus membrane, middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

extensor hallucis longus attachment

middle of anterior fibula, interosseus membrane, distal phalanx on hallux

fibularis tertius attachment

inferior 1/3 of lateral fibula, base of 5 metatarsal

posterior leg

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus

tibial n. (S1, S2)

innervation gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus

plantar flexion

action gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior