Alkanes

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 25

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

26 Terms

1

What happens during fractional distillation?

  • Crude oil is heated to vaporise it

  • The vapour is passed into the column

  • The top of the tower is cooler than the bottom (negative temperature gradient)

  • Fractions are separated out by their bpt

  • Low bpt fractions collected at the top

New cards
2

What is cracking?

I process where long chain hydrocarbons are broken into smaller chain hydrocarbons

New cards
3

Requirements and results of thermal cracking?

  • High temp (1200K)

  • High pressure (7000Kpa)

  • Large proportion of alkenes and lower proportion of branched alkanes

New cards
4

Requirements and results of catalytic cracking?

  • Relatively low temp (700K)

  • Slightly above atmospheric pressure

  • Large proportion of branched alkanes and arenes

  • Uses a zeolite catalyst

New cards
5

Why is zeolite a good catalyst?

It’s structure gives it a high surface area

New cards
6
New cards
7

What is the solid pollutant in incomplete combustion?

Carbon (soot)

New cards
8

What is the gaseous pollutant in incomplete combustion?

Carbon monoxide

New cards
9

How is nitrogen monoxide formed and what is the equation showing this?

  • Temperatures in internal combustion engines can reach very high temperatures over 2000oC

  • Strong N2 triple covalent bonds are broken

  • This allows nitrogen and oxygen to react

N2 + O2 → 2NO

New cards
10

How is nitrogen dioxide formed from combustion engines?

  • NO can further react with oxygen to produce NO2

NO + 1/2O2 → NO2

New cards
11

How is nitric acid formed and what affect does this have on the environment?

  • Nitrogen dioxide can react with rain water and more oxygen to produce nitric acid which contributes to acid rain

2NO2 + H2O + 1/2O2 → 2HNO3

New cards
12

What are the effects of acid rain?

  • Corrodes buildings

  • Lowers pH of rivers and streams, affecting photosynthesis, killing plants eventually leading to the death of fish

  • Lowers the pH of soil which can affect microorganisms and crops

New cards
13

What is the release of unburnt hydrocarbons linked to?

Cancer

New cards
14

What are catalytic converters and what are they made of?

  • Used to transform pollutants gasses in a car’s exhaust into less harmful gasses

  • Contains a honeycomb structure for a high surface area

New cards
15

Equation for the removal of CO in a catalytic converter

CO + ½ O2 → CO2

New cards
16

Equation for the removal of CO and NO in a catalytic converter

CO + NO → CO2 + ½ N2

New cards
17

Equation for the removal of NO in a catalytic converter

2NO → N2 + O2

New cards
18

Equation for the removal of unburnt hydrocarbons in a catalytic converter

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + water

Basically a combustion equation

New cards
19

Equation for the removal of unburnt hydrocarbons and NO in a catalytic converter

Hydrocarbon + NO→ CO2 + N2 + H2O

New cards
20

How do catalytic converters work?

  • NO is adsorbed by the catalyst

  • Attaches to surface forming weak IMF

  • This weakens the bond within the molecule so it is broken

  • Nitrogen and Oxygen desorbed from the catalyst and IMFs disappear

New cards
21

Why is sulfur impurities in fossil fuels a problem and where does it come from?

  • It burns in oxygen to produce SO2

  • It can be further oxidised into SO3

  • Both of these can react with water to form sulfurous and sulfuric acid

New cards
22

Equations for the formation of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide

  • S + O2 → SO2

  • SO2 + ½ O2 → SO3

New cards
23

Equations for the formation of sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid

  • SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

  • SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

New cards
24
New cards
25

How can sulfur dioxide be remove from flue gasses?

  • Flue gas desulphurisation

  • S reacts with calcium oxide or calcium carbonate and is neutralised

New cards
26

What are the equations that show what happens in lue gas desulphurisation?

  • CaO + SO2 → CaSO3

  • CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
213 days ago
4.7(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
891 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
514 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
688 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
903 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
760 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 67 people
701 days ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 44 people
758 days ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (92)
studied byStudied by 11 people
841 days ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (116)
studied byStudied by 10 people
800 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 15 people
3 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (57)
studied byStudied by 17 people
750 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 2 people
177 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (71)
studied byStudied by 42 people
385 days ago
5.0(4)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 41 people
88 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (222)
studied byStudied by 29 people
646 days ago
5.0(1)
robot